We focus our attention on tripartite mixed states as initial states, and apply coherence concurrence to investigate quantum coherence properties in the background of a Schwarzschild black hole under phase damping, phase flip and bit flip channels, respectively. Several analytic complementary relationships based on coherence concurrence for tripartite subsystems are proposed. In the case of the bit flip channel, the behavior of the coherence concurrence is similar to the one of the phase damping channel, the accessible coherence concurrence always degrades as the Hawking acceleration rising, but sudden death never occurs, while the inaccessible coherence increases from zero monotonically. Interestingly, the coherence concurrence is decreasing at first and then increasing as the decay probability rising under phase flip channel. Unlike the case of tripartite pure states, the coherence concurrence of mixed state with X shape is equal to $l_1$ -norm of coherence.We focus our attention on tripartite mixed states as initial states, and apply coherence concurrence to investigate quantum coherence properties in the background of a Schwarzschild black hole under phase damping, phase flip and bit flip channels, respectively. Several analytic complementary relationships based on coherence concurrence for tripartite subsystems are proposed. In the case of the bit flip channel, the behavior of the coherence concurrence is similar to the one of the phase damping channel, the accessible coherence concurrence always degrades as the Hawking acceleration rising, but sudden death never occurs, while the inaccessible coherence increases from zero monotonically. Interestingly, the coherence concurrence is decreasing at first and then increasing as the decay probability rising under phase flip channel. Unlike the case of tripartite pure states, the coherence concurrence of mixed state with X shape is equal to $l_1$ -norm of coherence.

quant-pharXiv:2602.20785Feb 25, 20260 citations

Quantum discord of mixed states under noisy channels in the curved spacetime

Yuxuan Xiong, Zhiling Pi, Tinggui Zhang +1 more

We focus our attention on two-qubit mixed states as initial states, and apply the geometric measure of quantum discord to investigate quantum discord properties in the background of a Schwarzschild black hole under phase damping, phase flip and bit flip channels, respectively. Several analytical complementary relationships based on quantum discords for bipartite subsystems are proposed. For the three channel noises, the behaviors of discords are similar, the accessible discords always degrade as the Hawking acceleration rising, but sudden death never occurs, while the inaccessible discords increase from zero monotonically. Interestingly, in the case of the bit flip channel and phase flip channel, the discords perform symmetrically with the decay probability rising.We focus our attention on two-qubit mixed states as initial states, and apply the geometric measure of quantum discord to investigate quantum discord properties in the background of a Schwarzschild black hole under phase damping, phase flip and bit flip channels, respectively. Several analytical complementary relationships based on quantum discords for bipartite subsystems are proposed. For the three channel noises, the behaviors of discords are similar, the accessible discords always degrade as the Hawking acceleration rising, but sudden death never occurs, while the inaccessible discords increase from zero monotonically. Interestingly, in the case of the bit flip channel and phase flip channel, the discords perform symmetrically with the decay probability rising.

quant-pharXiv:2602.20819Feb 25, 20260 citations

Quantum discord of mixed states under noisy channels in the curved spacetime

Yuxuan Xiong, Zhiling Pi, Tinggui Zhang +1 more

Abstract We focus our attention on two-qubit mixed states as initial states, and apply the geometric measure of quantum discord to investigate quantum discord properties in the background of a Schwarzschild black hole under phase damping, phase flip and bit flip channels, respectively. Several analytical complementary relationships based on quantum discords for bipartite subsystems are proposed. For the three channel noises, the behaviors of discords are similar, the accessible discords always degrade as the Hawking acceleration rising, but sudden death never occurs, while the inaccessible discords increase from zero monotonically. Interestingly, in the case of the bit flip channel and phase flip channel, the discords perform symmetrically with the decay probability rising.Abstract We focus our attention on two-qubit mixed states as initial states, and apply the geometric measure of quantum discord to investigate quantum discord properties in the background of a Schwarzschild black hole under phase damping, phase flip and bit flip channels, respectively. Several analytical complementary relationships based on quantum discords for bipartite subsystems are proposed. For the three channel noises, the behaviors of discords are similar, the accessible discords always degrade as the Hawking acceleration rising, but sudden death never occurs, while the inaccessible discords increase from zero monotonically. Interestingly, in the case of the bit flip channel and phase flip channel, the discords perform symmetrically with the decay probability rising.

The European Physical Journal CMar 29, 20265 citations

Dynamics of Entanglement in Schwarzschild Black Holes

Fang Xie, Ying Yang, Tinggui Zhang +1 more

To characterize the effect of Hawking radiation induced by the quantum atmosphere beyond the event horizon on entanglement, we employ concurrence as the entanglement measure for a bipartite mixed state and investigate its evolution with Hawking temperature. We find that the physically accessible concurrence decreases as the Hawking acceleration increases, whereas the physically inaccessible concurrence exhibits the opposite behavior, increasing monotonically from zero. We further establish several trade-off relations on concurrence, revealing its distribution between physically accessible and inaccessible regions. Additionally, we study the dynamics of concurrence under three types of channel noise. The results indicate that the evolution of concurrence depends on the specific noise channel: unlike the phase damping channel, sudden death of concurrence occurs in both phase flip and bit flip channels, the concurrence exhibits a certain symmetry with respect to the noise parameter during its evolution under bit flip channel noise.To characterize the effect of Hawking radiation induced by the quantum atmosphere beyond the event horizon on entanglement, we employ concurrence as the entanglement measure for a bipartite mixed state and investigate its evolution with Hawking temperature. We find that the physically accessible concurrence decreases as the Hawking acceleration increases, whereas the physically inaccessible concurrence exhibits the opposite behavior, increasing monotonically from zero. We further establish several trade-off relations on concurrence, revealing its distribution between physically accessible and inaccessible regions. Additionally, we study the dynamics of concurrence under three types of channel noise. The results indicate that the evolution of concurrence depends on the specific noise channel: unlike the phase damping channel, sudden death of concurrence occurs in both phase flip and bit flip channels, the concurrence exhibits a certain symmetry with respect to the noise parameter during its evolution under bit flip channel noise.

quant-pharXiv:2604.05331Apr 8, 20260 citations

Quantum entanglement and coherence of tripartite W state for Dirac fields under noisy channels in non-inertial frames

Kwang-Il Kim, Myong Chol Pak, Ok Song An +3 more

Abstract We investigate quantum entanglement and coherence of tripartite W state for Dirac fields under phase damping, phase flip and bit flip channels, respectively, in non-inertial frames. Via π -tangle, we numerically compute tripartite entanglement of W state under three channels when two observers are accelerated. We also analytically derive l 1 -norm quantum coherence of W state under the simultaneous influence of Unruh effect and noisy environments. For phase-damping and phase-flip channels, both the acceleration and noisy channels modulate the behaviour of the tripartitle entanglement and quantum coherence. They do not vanish even for infinite acceleration when only A 's qubit is under noisy environment, in contrast with the case when two or more observers’ qubits are under noisy environment. In the case of the bit flip channel, the behavior of the tripartite entanglement is similar to the one of the phase flip channel, but quantum coherence remains unaffected by the environment.Abstract We investigate quantum entanglement and coherence of tripartite W state for Dirac fields under phase damping, phase flip and bit flip channels, respectively, in non-inertial frames. Via π -tangle, we numerically compute tripartite entanglement of W state under three channels when two observers are accelerated. We also analytically derive l 1 -norm quantum coherence of W state under the simultaneous influence of Unruh effect and noisy environments. For phase-damping and phase-flip channels, both the acceleration and noisy channels modulate the behaviour of the tripartitle entanglement and quantum coherence. They do not vanish even for infinite acceleration when only A 's qubit is under noisy environment, in contrast with the case when two or more observers’ qubits are under noisy environment. In the case of the bit flip channel, the behavior of the tripartite entanglement is similar to the one of the phase flip channel, but quantum coherence remains unaffected by the environment.

Physica ScriptaMay 20, 20228 citations

Entanglement of tripartite states with decoherence in non-inertial frames

Salman Khan

The one-tangle and π-tangle are used to quantify the entanglement of a tripartite Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) state in non-inertial frames when the system interacts with a noisy environment in the form of phase damping, phase flip and bit flip channels. It is shown that the two-tangles behave as a closed system. The one-tangle and π-tangle have different behaviors in the three channels. In the case of the phase damping channel, depending on the kind of coupling, the sudden death of both the one-tangle and π-tangle may or may not happen, whereas in the case of the phase flip channel the sudden death cannot be avoided. The effect of decoherence may be ignored in the limit of infinite acceleration when the system interacts with a bit flip channel. Furthermore, a sudden rebirth of the one-tangle and π-tangle occurs in the case of the phase flip channel which may be delayed when collective coupling is switched on.The one-tangle and π-tangle are used to quantify the entanglement of a tripartite Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) state in non-inertial frames when the system interacts with a noisy environment in the form of phase damping, phase flip and bit flip channels. It is shown that the two-tangles behave as a closed system. The one-tangle and π-tangle have different behaviors in the three channels. In the case of the phase damping channel, depending on the kind of coupling, the sudden death of both the one-tangle and π-tangle may or may not happen, whereas in the case of the phase flip channel the sudden death cannot be avoided. The effect of decoherence may be ignored in the limit of infinite acceleration when the system interacts with a bit flip channel. Furthermore, a sudden rebirth of the one-tangle and π-tangle occurs in the case of the phase flip channel which may be delayed when collective coupling is switched on.

arXiv:1302.3005Journal of Modern OpticsOct 17, 201126 citations

l_1

-norm of coherence.