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NTT technical review

Quantum Information Devices Using Semiconductor Quantum Dots

T. Fujisawa

Published Jan 1, 2008• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Recent developments in the control and measurement of single electrons enable us to search for electron dynamics in semiconductor quantum dots.Quantum computing may become realistic as a result of a deep understanding of nanometer-scale semiconductor physics and the development of quantum information devices.This paper describes some recent progress in quantum information devices and discusses the direction of this research.

DOI
10.53829/ntr200801sp4

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Recent developments in the control and measurement of single electrons enable us to search for electron dynamics in semiconductor quantum dots.Quantum computing may become realistic as a result of a deep understanding of nanometer-scale semiconductor physics and the development of quantum information devices.This paper describes some recent progress in quantum information devices and discusses the direction of this research.
Semiconductors, a significant type of material in the information era, are becoming more and more powerful in the field of quantum information. In recent decades, semiconductor quantum computation was investigated thoroughly across the world and developed with a dramatically fast speed. The research varied from initialization, control and readout of qubits, to the architecture of fault-tolerant quantum computing. Here, we first introduce the basic ideas for quantum computing, and then discuss the developments of single- and two-qubit gate control in semiconductors. Up to now, the qubit initialization, control and readout can be realized with relatively high fidelity and a programmable two-qubit quantum processor has even been demonstrated. However, to further improve the qubit quality and scale it up, there are still some challenges to resolve such as the improvement of the readout method, material development and scalable designs. We discuss these issues and introduce the forefronts of progress. Finally, considering the positive trend of the research on semiconductor quantum devices and recent theoretical work on the applications of quantum computation, we anticipate that semiconductor quantum computation may develop fast and will have a huge impact on our lives in the near future.
Quantum information technology promises powerful information processing based on the control of the dynamics of individual particles. Research on single electron dynamics aiming at the coherent electrical manipulation of single electron charge and spin in semiconductor quantum dots is expected to provide practical quantum information technology. A single electron charge quantum bit (qubit), which has recently been realized in a double quantum dot, is advantageous for flexible control of the quantum state by a high-speed electrical signal, while a single electron spin qubit is expected to have a sufficiently long decoherence time. This paper reviews our research on single electron dynamics for quantum information processing.
Quantum computing is the outcome of the size of semiconductor chips breaking the limits of classical physics, and is a landmark technology in the post-Moore's law era. Making use of the quantum properties of electrons in semiconductor quantum dots is believed to be one of the most promising candidates for the realization of quantum computing. In recent years, a series of breakthroughs have been made, including the preparation and readout of qubits, and the manipulation of quantum logic gates. This paper first introduces the background and significance of research on semiconductor quantum dot-based quantum computing and then provides an overview of the developments regarding spin-, charge-, and few-electron-based qubits, as well as the long distance coherent coupling of qubits. Finally, we discuss future trends in semiconductor-based quantum computing.
For the past fifteen years, single semiconductor quantum dots, often referred to as solid-state artificial atoms, have been at the forefront of various research direction lines for experimental quantum information science, in particular in the development of practical sources of quantum states of light. Here we review the research to date, on the tailoring of the emission properties from single quantum dots producing single photons, indistinguishable single photons and entangled photon pairs. Finally, the progress and future prospects for applications of single dots in quantum information processing is considered.