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International Conference on Optoelectronic Information and Optical Engineering (OIOE)

Quantum dense coding with N-participants in N dimensions

Sheng Liu

Published Jan 15, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum dense coding is an important protocol in quantum communication, and it utilizes the quantum entanglement to increase the capacity of quantum communication. This article introduces the basic protocol of quantum dense coding, and also extends the concept of quantum dense coding to higher dimensions and with more participants. The security of quantum dense coding in those conditions is also discussed; and the discussion shows the potential of quantum dense coding in various applications.

DOI
10.1117/12.3045649

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Quantum dense coding is considered to be one of the most remarkable demonstrations of the existence of quantum entanglement. In this paper, we analyze the role of correlations (both classical and quantum) in quantum communication protocols. We study how the capacity of a single-qubit quantum channel depends on correlations between Alice and Bob. In particular, we consider a scenario when Alice and Bob share a pair of qubits in a state such that Alice's qubit is in the state described by the density operator $\ensuremath{\varrho}=\frac{1}{2}1+\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{n}\ensuremath{\cdot}\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\ensuremath{\sigma}}.$ We evaluate a capacity of the noiseless channel for two cases: (1) when Bob performs measurement just on the particle received from Alice, and (2) in the case when he utilizes correlations that have been established prior to the communication. We present a simple classical scenario which might serve as a prototype of quantum dense coding. We generalize our results also for qudits. In addition, we address some aspects of the issue of security in correlation-assisted communication protocols.