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International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC)

Efficient Physical-Layer Secret Key Generation in Satellite Communication System

Ziye Tang, Meixiang Zhang, Sooyoung Kim

Published Oct 16, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Although physical-layer secret key generation (SKG) techniques generally show promising performance in many wireless communication systems, they may not be applicable to satellite systems mainly because of the long coherence time. For the satellite systems, we need a technique to introduce randomness and it should be resistant to long round-trip delays. To achieve this, this paper proposes a novel SKG scheme using the information contained in the transmitted data, which can act as a random signal, instead of additionally generating random probing signals. The proposed method effectively increases secret key rates, without security risk. Simulation results demonstrated that the proposed scheme enhances the data transmission efficiency while maintaining lower secret key disagreement rate.

DOI
10.1109/ictc62082.2024.10827105

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Although physical-layer secret key generation (SKG) techniques generally show promising performance in many wireless communication systems, they may not be applicable to satellite systems mainly because of the long coherence time. For the satellite systems, we need a technique to introduce randomness and it should be resistant to long round-trip delays. To achieve this, this paper proposes a novel SKG scheme using the information contained in the transmitted data, which can act as a random signal, instead of additionally generating random probing signals. The proposed method effectively increases secret key rates, without security risk. Simulation results demonstrated that the proposed scheme enhances the data transmission efficiency while maintaining lower secret key disagreement rate.
Physical-layer secret key generation (SKG) provides high-level security for data encryption in wireless communications, using the shared unique channel state information between legal partners. Most of SKG schemes focused on only SKG itself, while the combination of SKG and encrypted data transmission using the generated secret keys needs to be explored. Here, we propose and demonstrate a secure wireless communication scheme, where SKG and encrypted data communication are integrated together. For SKG, the randomness originated from the input data is utilized to increase the effective key generation rate (KGR) up to 20.8Kb/s when the input data rate is 250Kb/s. Afterwards, the data is encrypted using the generated secret keys and advanced encryption standard (AES). The feasibility and robustness of the integrated system have been verified by the experimental results. Compared with the system where SKG and encrypted data communication are separated, the time required to transfer the same amount of data will be reduced by 48.04%.
In the rapidly evolving landscape of wireless communication, securing transmitted information remains a critical challenge. This study provides a comprehensive review of secret key generation (SKG) techniques designed to secure physical layer wireless communication channels. We focus on key generation methods that exploit physical layer characteristics such as channel state information, received signal strength, and bit error rate. The computational complexity of these techniques is also examined, emphasizing the trade-offs between security and efficiency for real-world implementations. The review identifies open challenges such as developing low-cost, resource-efficient systems, managing artificial noise, and addressing the impact of mobility and multiuser massive MIMO systems on SKG rates. Our findings aim to guide the development of more efficient, scalable SKG methods for next-generation wireless networks. Additionally, we propose a method for securely generating identical secret keys between nodes using Cuckoo filters and a Map-Reduce model for frame hashing, ensuring long-term security in IoT environments.
The one-time pad (OTP) is an application-layer encryption technique to achieve the information-theoretic security, and the physical-layer secret key generation (SKG) technique is a promising candidate to provide the random keys for OTP. In this paper, we propose a joint SKG and OTP encryption scheme with the aid of a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) to boost secret key rate. To maximize the efficiency of secure communication, we divide the process of secure transmission into two stages: SKG and then encrypted packet transmission. Meanwhile, we design an optimal algorithm for allocating time slots for SKG to maximize SKG efficiency without security risk. Furthermore, we design a key updating protocol based on our SKG scheme for OTP encryption. Simulation results verify that our scheme can generate keys securely and efficiently, and significantly improve the secure communication performance in an intelligent IoT system.
Over the last decade, physical layer secret key generation (PHY-SKG) techniques that exploit reciprocity of wireless channels have attracted considerable interest among researchers in the field of wireless communication. Compared to traditional cryptographic methods, PHY-SKG techniques offer the following advantages: a computationally bounded adversary does not need to be assumed; PHY-SKG avoids the requirement of key management, and secret keys can be dynamically replenished. Additionally, PHY-SKG can enhance existing security schemes because it operates independently of higher layer security schemes. However, a key drawback of PHY-SKG is low secret key generation rate (SKGR), a critical performance metric. Therefore, the role of advanced network technologies (e.g., multiple input multiple output (MIMO) and cooperative MIMO) must be explored to enhance SKGR. This paper describes how MIMO and cooperative MIMO techniques can enhance SKGR.
Abstract Wireless communications between two devices can be protected by secret keys. However, existing key generation schemes suffer from the high bit disagreement rate and low bit generation rate. In this paper, we propose an efficient physical layer key generation scheme by exploring the Received Signal Strength (RSS) of signals. In order to reduce the high mismatch rate of the measurements and to increase the key generation rate, a pair of transmitter and receiver separately apply adaptive quantization algorithm for quantifying the measurements. Then, we implement a randomness extractor to further increase key generation rate and ensure randomness of generated of keys. Several real-world experiments are implemented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. The results show that compared with the other related schemes, our scheme performs better in bit generation rate, bit disagreement rate, and randomness.
Physical layer security (PLS) techniques hold promise for augmenting secure communications in the 5thgeneration of mobile wireless networks. Secret key generation (SKG) is a PLS technique which exploits the wireless propagation channel's randomness to generate symmetric key bits for information encryption and decryption. This work proposes symmetric key generation based on non-uniform quantization of the received signal strength (RSS) samples of a Nakagami-mmm fading channel. The proposed strategy for non-uniform quantization for SKG aims to set quantization thresholds for maximal key randomness and high values of key generation rate (KGR) and key agreement probability (KAP). Finally, a framework is proposed to use single node RSS measurements, readily available in the literature, to generate RSS samples at the other link end. This framework facilitates the testing of new SKG algorithms that require simultaneous RSS measurements by the legitimate nodes, which are not readily available in the open literature. The effectiveness of the proposed SKG scheme is validated through Monte Carlo methods and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) test suite for assessing the randomness of the generated key sequence.