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APL Photonics

Topological quantum photonics

Amin Hashemi, M. Javad Zakeri, Paweł S. Jung, Andrea Blanco‐Redondo

Published Jan 1, 2025• 23 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Topological quantum photonics explores the interaction of the topology of the dispersion relation of photonic materials with the quantum properties of light. The main focus of this field is to create robust photonic quantum information systems by leveraging topological protection to produce and manipulate quantum states of light that are resilient to fabrication imperfections and other defects. In this perspective, we provide a theoretical background on topological protection of photonic quantum information and highlight the key state-of-the-art experimental demonstrations in the field, categorizing them based on the quantum features they address. An analysis of the key challenges and limitations concerning topological protection of quantum states is presented. Importantly, this paper takes a thorough perspective look into what future research in this area may bring.

DOI
10.1063/5.0239265

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Topological quantum photonics explores the interaction of the topology of the dispersion relation of photonic materials with the quantum properties of light. The main focus of this field is to create robust photonic quantum information systems by leveraging topological protection to produce and manipulate quantum states of light that are resilient to fabrication imperfections and other defects. In this perspective, we provide a theoretical background on topological protection of photonic quantum information and highlight the key state-of-the-art experimental demonstrations in the field, categorizing them based on the quantum features they address. An analysis of the key challenges and limitations concerning topological protection of quantum states is presented. Importantly, this paper takes a thorough perspective look into what future research in this area may bring.
The field of topological photonics leverages concepts from geometry and topology – the branch of mathematics that deals with global properties that cannot be changed under continuous deformation – to produce electromagnetic modes that propagate with immunity to certain types of disorder and imperfections. In the last few years, several experiments have achieved the generation and propagation of quantum states of light in these so-called topological modes, demonstrating enhanced robustness of such inherently fragile quantum states. In this talk we will focus on our recent results in this area including topological protection of spatial entanglement and the demonstration of topology as an additional degree of freedom for entanglement using CMOS-compatible silicon photonics platforms.
This paper explores the potential of topological photonics for realizing long-distance quantum bit (qubit) interconnection, a critical step towards building scalable and reliable quantum computers. Conventional approaches to quantum communication face significant challenges due to photon loss in optical fibers, limiting the transmission distance and fidelity of quantum information. We investigate how the unique properties of topological photonics, specifically the utilization of light propagation within topological defects, can circumvent these limitations. The core concept involves harnessing robust, protected edge states within photonic lattices, enabling entanglement distribution and quantum communication over significantly extended distances without the deleterious effects of direct photon scattering. This paper details the theoretical framework, focusing on key aspects such as the creation and manipulation of these topological states, and the potential for building interconnected qubit networks. We present a framework for understanding the advantages of this approach and highlight key research directions.
This paper explores the design and implementation of topologically protected quantum states within specifically engineered quantum materials. The core claim centers on leveraging material structure to enhance quantum state stability and reliability, ultimately bolstering quantum information storage and transmission. The underlying mechanism involves selecting materials exhibiting topological properties and utilizing their structural characteristics to create topologically protected quantum states. This approach addresses the inherent fragility of quantum states by harnessing the robustness of topological protection. The theoretical framework presented outlines a systematic methodology for achieving this, focusing on the control of electronic band structures and the manipulation of momentum space to generate stable, protected quantum states. The research contributes to the advancement of quantum technologies by providing a robust foundation for building more reliable and scalable quantum systems. The focus is on the design principles and theoretical considerations, without experimental validation.
This paper investigates the potential of topological photonics for revolutionizing quantum information transmission. The core claim centers on leveraging topological effects, specifically topological optical structures like photonic rings and topological photons, to achieve long-distance, loss-free quantum communication. This is achieved through precise control and manipulation of photons within these structures, facilitating robust quantum information encoding and decoding. The novelty lies in the application of topological optics within the context of quantum communication, addressing key limitations of conventional approaches. We explore the theoretical framework, outlining the mechanisms involved and highlighting the advantages in terms of security and efficiency. The work presents a foundational understanding of utilizing topological protection to mitigate decoherence and extend the range of quantum information transfer. The presented models and concepts aim to provide a roadmap for future research and development in this rapidly evolving field. ---
This paper investigates the potential of utilizing topological quantum states for quantum storage. The core claim is that topological quantum states can enable high-density and high-fidelity quantum storage. This is achieved by leveraging the inherent robustness of topological states to protect quantum information from environmental decoherence. The proposed mechanism involves constructing a quantum storage system based on topological protection, resulting in long-term quantum information storage. This research explores a novel approach to quantum storage, addressing key challenges in maintaining quantum coherence. The theoretical framework presented outlines the principles and potential advantages of this technique. We examine the fundamental properties of topological states and their suitability for quantum storage applications. The paper concludes with a discussion of future research directions and the potential impact of topological quantum states on the advancement of quantum information technology.
The robust generation and propagation of multiphoton quantum states are crucial for applications in quantum information, computing, and communications. Although photons are intrinsically well isolated from the thermal environment, scaling to large quantum optical devices is still limited by scattering loss and other errors arising from random fabrication imperfections. The recent discoveries regarding topological phases have introduced avenues to construct quantum systems that are protected against scattering and imperfections. We experimentally demonstrate topological protection of biphoton states, the building block for quantum information systems. We provide clear evidence of the robustness of the spatial features and the propagation constant of biphoton states generated within a nanophotonics lattice with nontrivial topology and propose a concrete path to build robust entangled states for quantum gates.