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Topological quantum photonics

Andrea Blanco‐Redondo

Published Sep 30, 2022• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The field of topological photonics leverages concepts from geometry and topology – the branch of mathematics that deals with global properties that cannot be changed under continuous deformation – to produce electromagnetic modes that propagate with immunity to certain types of disorder and imperfections. In the last few years, several experiments have achieved the generation and propagation of quantum states of light in these so-called topological modes, demonstrating enhanced robustness of such inherently fragile quantum states. In this talk we will focus on our recent results in this area including topological protection of spatial entanglement and the demonstration of topology as an additional degree of freedom for entanglement using CMOS-compatible silicon photonics platforms.

DOI
10.1117/12.2633413

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The field of topological photonics leverages concepts from geometry and topology – the branch of mathematics that deals with global properties that cannot be changed under continuous deformation – to produce electromagnetic modes that propagate with immunity to certain types of disorder and imperfections. In the last few years, several experiments have achieved the generation and propagation of quantum states of light in these so-called topological modes, demonstrating enhanced robustness of such inherently fragile quantum states. In this talk we will focus on our recent results in this area including topological protection of spatial entanglement and the demonstration of topology as an additional degree of freedom for entanglement using CMOS-compatible silicon photonics platforms.
Topological quantum photonics explores the interaction of the topology of the dispersion relation of photonic materials with the quantum properties of light. The main focus of this field is to create robust photonic quantum information systems by leveraging topological protection to produce and manipulate quantum states of light that are resilient to fabrication imperfections and other defects. In this perspective, we provide a theoretical background on topological protection of photonic quantum information and highlight the key state-of-the-art experimental demonstrations in the field, categorizing them based on the quantum features they address. An analysis of the key challenges and limitations concerning topological protection of quantum states is presented. Importantly, this paper takes a thorough perspective look into what future research in this area may bring.
The robust generation and manipulation of entangled multiphoton states on chip has an essential role in quantum computation and communication. Lattice topology has emerged as a means of protecting photonic states from disorder, but entanglement across different topologies remains unexplored. We report biphoton entanglement between topologically distinct spatial modes in a bipartite array of silicon waveguides. The results highlight topology as an additional degree of freedom for entanglement and open avenues for investigating information teleportation between trivial and topological modes.
Abstract Entangled multiphoton states lie at the heart of quantum information, computing, and communications. In recent years, topology has risen as a new avenue to robustly transport quantum states in the presence of fabrication defects, disorder, and other noise sources. Whereas topological protection of single photons and correlated photons has been recently demonstrated experimentally, the observation of topologically protected entangled states has thus far remained elusive. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the topological protection of spatially entangled biphoton states. We observe robustness in crucial features of the topological biphoton correlation map in the presence of deliberately introduced disorder in the silicon nanophotonic structure, in contrast with the lack of robustness in non‐topological structures. The topological protection is shown to ensure the coherent propagation of the entangled topological modes, which may lead to robust propagation of quantum information in disordered systems.
The efficient generation of non-classical light at the micro- and nanoscale is central to the development of quantum technologies. Integrated photonic structures offer new opportunities for increasing the generation efficiency and control of the quantum state of non-classical light. Recently, photonic structures based on topology conservation have been proposed as platforms to overcome issues associated with disorder and fabrication imperfections. For instance, it has been suggested that topological edge states can be exploited for the generation of photon pairs having robust spectral correlations [1]. More recently, the effect of topology on path correlations of photon pairs generated by spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) in waveguide arrays has also been investigated [2].