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Physical Review A

Blackbody-radiation-induced energy-level shifts for a uniformly moving atom in a dielectric medium

Huabing Cai, Li‐Gang Wang

Published Dec 30, 2024• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate the influence of the presence of a dielectric medium on the energy shift for a uniformly moving atom in blackbody radiation. The atomic energy-level shift usually depends on the temperature of thermal radiation, the atomic velocity, the refractive index of the medium, and the atomic polarizability. Analytical and numerical analyses indicate that the presence of the dielectric medium has profoundly disturbed the behavior of the atomic energy shifts, especially when the atomic speed is greater than the speed of light in the medium. Our work further suggests that the combination of a medium and atomic relativistic center-of-mass motion can provide insight into the radiative properties of atom-field coupling system.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.110.063726

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We investigate the influence of the presence of a dielectric medium on the energy shift for a uniformly moving atom in blackbody radiation. The atomic energy-level shift usually depends on the temperature of thermal radiation, the atomic velocity, the refractive index of the medium, and the atomic polarizability. Analytical and numerical analyses indicate that the presence of the dielectric medium has profoundly disturbed the behavior of the atomic energy shifts, especially when the atomic speed is greater than the speed of light in the medium. Our work further suggests that the combination of a medium and atomic relativistic center-of-mass motion can provide insight into the radiative properties of atom-field coupling system.
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Abstract We investigate the influence of atomic uniform motion on radiative energy shifts of a multilevel atom when it interacts with black-body radiation. Our analysis reveals that the atomic energy shifts depend crucially on three factors: the temperature of black-body thermal radiation, atomic velocity, and atomic polarizability. In the low-temperature limit, the presence of atomic uniform motion always enhances the effect of the thermal field on the atomic energy shifts. However, in the high-temperature limit, the atomic uniform motion enhances the effect of the thermal field for an atom polarizable perpendicular to the atomic velocity but weakens it for an atom polarizable parallel to the atomic velocity. Our work indicates that the physical properties of atom–field coupling systems can in principle be regulated and controlled by the combined action of the thermal field and the atomic uniform motion.
The energy–level shifts of an atom located at a distance Z outside a dielectric half–space are calculated at finite temperatures. The refractive index of the medium is real and frequency independent; the limiting case of perfect reflectors is also considered. The analytic expressions for the energy–level shifts are analysed in various regimes of temperature and of the distance of the atom from the surface. The significance of thermal corrections in comparison with zero–temperature effects is analysed in each regime and discussed for recent experiments.
Abstract Analytical expressions for spontaneous and induced by blackbody radiation energy shifts and widths of atomic circular states are derived. The features of asymptotic behavior of the total width and energy shifts for highly excited Rydberg circular states in the blackbody radiation field are described. Approximate equations are proposed for simple evaluations of energy characteristics and an absence of temperature-independent spontaneous contribution to the total energy width in a range of high temperatures and principal quantum numbers is demonstrated.
A fully quantum-mechanical theory is presented for the interaction of quantized electromagnetic field with a two-level atom immersed in an isotropic moving causal permeable medium. The time dependence of the atom-field system is obtained in interaction picture. Special attention is paid to the decay rate and the quantum electrodynamics level shift of the atom. Due to the velocity of the medium, the atom experiences an anisotropic characteristic behavior from the background medium. To illuminate this effect, we calculate the torque experienced by a two-level atom.
Photonic crystals are periodic systems that consist of dielectrics with different refractive indices. They are designed to act on photons in contrast to semiconductor crystals whose periodicity affects the motion of electrons. Here we consider the interaction of an atomic electron with its own radiation field in the case when the atom is placed in air voids of a photonic crystal and is not in mechanical contact with the vibrational degrees of freedom of the dielectric host. A strong modification of this interaction from that in free space is shown to change the rest mass of the electron, and this has a significant effect on the shift of the atomic energy levels. This shift is investigated by using the example of atomic hydrogen in a high-index-contrast photonic crystal. The found effect may be of interest both from fundamental and practical points of view.