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Physical Review A

Radiative properties of a two-level atom in a moving causal permeable medium

Reza Matloob

Published Dec 5, 2005• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A fully quantum-mechanical theory is presented for the interaction of quantized electromagnetic field with a two-level atom immersed in an isotropic moving causal permeable medium. The time dependence of the atom-field system is obtained in interaction picture. Special attention is paid to the decay rate and the quantum electrodynamics level shift of the atom. Due to the velocity of the medium, the atom experiences an anisotropic characteristic behavior from the background medium. To illuminate this effect, we calculate the torque experienced by a two-level atom.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.72.062103

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A fully quantum-mechanical theory is presented for the interaction of quantized electromagnetic field with a two-level atom immersed in an isotropic moving causal permeable medium. The time dependence of the atom-field system is obtained in interaction picture. Special attention is paid to the decay rate and the quantum electrodynamics level shift of the atom. Due to the velocity of the medium, the atom experiences an anisotropic characteristic behavior from the background medium. To illuminate this effect, we calculate the torque experienced by a two-level atom.
The macroscopic electromagnetic field is quantized in the presence of a uniformly moving permeable dielectric medium. We begin with the Maxwell-Minkowski equations, and the fields are quantized with the help of the Green function scheme. It is shown that for a homogeneous material, though the medium is assumed to be isotropic in its rest frame, it displays anisotropic character for the observer who detects the field observables in the laboratory frame. The field operators are expressed in terms of two independent infinite sets of bosonic field operators. Special attention is paid to the vacuum field fluctuation in moving media.
The decay of an excited atom in the presence of a medium that both scatters and absorbs radiation is studied with the help of a quantum-electrodynamical model. The medium is represented by a half-space filled with a randomly distributed set of non-overlapping spheres, which consist of a linear absorptive dielectric material. The absorption effects are described by means of a quantized damped-polariton theory. It is found that the effective susceptibility of the bulk does not fully account for the medium-induced change in the atomic decay rate. In fact, surface effects contribute to the modification of the decay properties as well. The interplay of scattering and absorption in the total decay rate is discussed.
The macroscopic electromagnetic field is quantized in a linear isotropic permeable-dielectric medium by associating a proper damped quantum-mechanical harmonic oscillator with each mode of the radiation field. We introduce a particular form of the Langevin equation with two memory functions and two random impulses to describe the motion of a damped oscillator. A fully canonical approach is used to quantize the damped oscillator, the conjugate momentum is defined and the quantum-mechanical Hamiltonian is introduced. This brings forth a direct method for the quantization of the radiation field and at the same time introduces an effective Hamiltonian operator. Special attention is paid to the vacuum field fluctuation in permeable dielectrics.
In this paper, we study the interaction between the time-dependent field and a two-level atom with one mode electromagnetic field. We consider that the field of photons is assumed to be coupled with modulated coupling parameter which depends explicitly on time. It is shown that the considered model can be reduced to a well-known form of the time-dependent generalized Jaynes–Cummings model. Under special initial conditions, in which the atom and the field are prepared in the excited and the coherent states, respectively, the explicit time evolution of the wave function of the entire system is analytically obtained. Our proposal has many advantages over the previous optical schemes and can be realized in several multiple experiments, such as trapped ions and quantum electrodynamics cavity. The influence of the time-dependent field parameter on the collapses-revivals, the normal squeezing of the radiation, the anti-bunching of photons and the entanglement phenomena for the considered atomic system is examined. The linear entropy, the von Neumann entropy are used to quantify entanglement in the quantum systems. We noticed that these phenomena are affected by the existence of both the time-dependent coupling field and detuning parameters.
It has great meaning to study the effect of a moving mirror in a cavity on the dynamic behavior of a two-level atom injected in the cavity. In this paper, for a system composed of a two-level injected atom and a single-mode field and a moving mirror in the cavity (the moving mirror to be regarded as a quantum harmonic oscillator with frequency ωm), the time-evolution of its state is obtained by means of complete quantum theory in the interaction picture. The time-evolution of the atomic population is derived on the basis of former investigations. It is found that the atomic population oscillates near its initial value. The result shows that the periodic motion of the mirror has a periodic effect on the atomic population.
As a probe to explore the ability of invisibility cloaks to conceal objects in the quantum mechanics domain, we study the spontaneous emission rate of an excited two-level atom in the vicinity of an ideal invisibility cloaking. On this base, first, a canonical quantization scheme is presented for the electromagnetic field interacting with atomic systems in an anisotropic, inhomogeneous, and absorbing magnetodielectric medium which can suitably be used for studying the influence of arbitrary invisibility cloak on the atomic radiative properties. The time dependence of the atomic subsystem is obtained in the Schrodinger picture. By introducing a modified set of the spherical wave-vector functions, the Green tensor of the system is calculated via exact and discrete methods. In this formalism, the decay rate and as well the emission pattern of the aforementioned atom are computed analytically for both weak and strong coupling interaction, and then numerically calculations are done to demonstrate the performances of cloaking in the quantum mechanics domain. Special attention is paid to different possible orientations and locations of the atomic system near the spherical invisibility cloaking. Results in the presence and the absence of the invisibility cloak are compared. We find that the cloak works very well far from its resonance frequency to conceal a macroscopic object, whereas at near the resonance frequency the object is more visible than the situation where the object is not covered by the cloak.