The structure and design project of the quantum computer measuring channel used for diagnostics are proposed. A method for forming a measuring transducer compatible with a quantum computer is described. A scheme for constructing an information sensor is selected. The information parameter of a quantum sensitive element built on a diamond plate is studied. The sensor parameters are estimated and a method for calculating them is proposed. Keywords sensitive element, NV center, quantum sensor, vibration sensor, measuring channel, transducer with frequency output
The structure and design project of the quantum computer measuring channel used for diagnostics are proposed. A method for forming a measuring transducer compatible with a quantum computer is described. A scheme for constructing an information sensor is selected. The information parameter of a quantum sensitive element built on a diamond plate is studied. The sensor parameters are estimated and a method for calculating them is proposed. Keywords sensitive element, NV center, quantum sensor, vibration sensor, measuring channel, transducer with frequency output
Modern and perspective tasks of robotics with control from artificial intelligence systems require the use of small-sized measuring devices. In this case, the intensively developed quantum sensors and quantum computers have a bright prospect. Their main advantage is the ability to successfully process the data of random processes with decomposition of complex functions into simple multipliers, as well as their small size and the ability to transmit data over long distances without wires. Data transmitted over quantum communication lines cannot be copied or intercepted, which is very useful for remote control of complex technical systems. Based on the results of the analysis of probabilistic noisy data quantum computer is able to quickly develop an assessment of the technical condition of the complex system. At the same time, there is no need to go through all the possible solutions to the evaluation problem with a huge amount of input data, some of which can sometimes be undefined. The main problem in the research of quantum processes is that researchers study the processes occurring in materials, but they do not indicate the ways in which quantum sensors and quantum computers are used in practical applications. This article explains how to form a measuring transformer that will be compatible with a quantum computer. The main objective of the study was to bring the results of basic research in the field of quantum computing closer to their application in applied tasks. It is shown how quantum processes can be shifted to the field of technical measurements of physical quantities used in complex systems. In the process of obtaining the results of the study, the hypothetical deductive method and the method of ascent from the abstract to the concrete within the framework of a systematic approach to the development of elements of technical systems were used. The result is a description of the processes of designing of tension sensing element made of modified diamond. The main findings of the study include the fact that quantum sensors implemented in the form of a modified diamond crystal are well described by the theory of measuring transducers with frequency output and can be used to get data about the state of an object.
Modem and perspective tasks of robotics with control from artificial intelligence systems require the use of small-sized measuring devices. In this case, the intensively developed quantum sensors and quantum computers have good prospects. Their main advantage is the ability to successfully process the data of random processes with decomposition of complex functions into simple multipliers, as well as their small size and the ability to transmit data over long distances without wires. Data transmitted over quantum communication lines cannot be copied or intercepted, which is very useful for remote control of complex technical systems. Based on the results of the probabilistic noisy data analysis quantum computer can quickly develop an assessment of the complex system technical condition. At the same time, there is no need to go through all the possible solutions to the evaluation problem with a huge amount of input data, some of which can sometimes be undefined. The main problem in the research of quantum processes is that researchers study the processes occurring in materials, but they do not indicate the ways in which quantum sensors and quantum computers are used in practical applications. This article explains how to form a measurement channel that will be compatible with a quantum computer, how to organize the input of information about the measured physical quantity into a quantum computer using a quantum sensor. The main objective was to bring the results of basic research in the field of quantum computing closer to their application in applied tasks. It is shown how the quantum processes can be shifted to the field of physical quantities technical measurements used in the automatic diagnosis of the technical state of complex systems. In the process of obtaining the results of the study, the deduction method of conclusions within the framework of a systematic approach to the development of technical systems elements was used. The result is a description of the processes in the quantum measuring channel, which is used to enter diagnostic data in a quantum computer. The study main conclusions breed the idea that quantum sensors implemented in the form of a modified diamond crystal are well described by the theory of measuring transducers with frequency output and can be used in diagnostic computers.
Quantum sensors encompass a diverse class of devices that exploit quantum coherence to detect weak or nanoscale signals. As their behavior is tied to physical constants, quantum sensors can achieve accuracy, repeatability, and precision approaching fundamental limits [1, 2]. As a result, these sensors have shown utility in a wide range of applications in both science and engineering leading to innovations. Among many solid-state spin systems, nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamonds have attracted considerable attention as a leading platform in many fields of quantum technologies, from quantum sensing to information processing and communication applications. They have superior physical properties, and their quantum coherence is preserved even at room temperature. The energy levels of NV centers are sensitive to magnetic fields, electric fields, strain, and temperature, and the spatial resolution is scalable from nanometers to millimeters. Therefore, diamond quantum sensors are distinctive sensors with multimodality and span scalable application fields. To realize an ideal quantum sensor for applications, the technical challenges in the sensor materials and the quantum control techniques, such as coherent microwave spin manipulation, effective optical spin-state initialization, and readout, have been developed. This chapter briefly explains the sensing principle using NV centers and then introduces sensor systems for biomedical applications, and monitoring of batteries for electric vehicles and internal power devices.
The physical properties of diamond crystals, such as color or electrical conductivity, can be controlled via impurities.In particular, when doped with nitrogen and under certain conditions, optically active nitrogen-vacany centers (NV) can be induced.The center is an outstanding quantum spin system that enables, under ambient conditions, optical initialization, readout, and coherent microwave control with applications in sensing and quantum information.Under optical and radio frequency excitation, the Zeeman splitting of the degenerate states allows the quantitative measurement of external magnetic fields with high sensitivity.This study provides a pedagogical introduction to the properties of the NV centers as well as a step-by-step process to develop and test, a simple magnetic quantum sensor based on color centers with large potential for the development of highly compact multi-sensor systems.
Quantum sensors utilize quantized energy levels, quan- tum superposition states, and eventually quantum entan- glement, which are also key elements in quantum comput- ing. Electronic and nuclear spins in semiconductors may serve as quantum sensing elements or qubits. The phos- phorus donor in silicon is an ideal qubit in terms of coherence time because of highest chemical purity of host material with isotopic 28Si enrichment and a very low den- sity of structural defects. However, it requires a cryogenic temperature to avoid ionization of the donor. In contrast in diamond, due to the wide band gap, the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center exhibits optical initialization and readout of its spin state and a long coherence time even above room temperature, promoting its research and development as quantum sensors or qubits. Nevertheless, the syn- thesized diamond crystals with NV centers are not so per- fect as silicon. Therefore, the host material characteriza- tion is essential to improve the bulk-ensemble sensi- tivity to the magnetic field. The present study shows how to measure the spin properties of the diamond as a sens- ing host via the NV centers themselves and how to utilize such information to improve the sensor performance.
The field of quantum sensing has shown rapid advancement in recent years. These advances have focused on making quantum sensors, which previously required laboratory environments and expensive bulky equipment, more portable and cost-effective. These developments are largely due to the use of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. NV center diamond is suitable because its quantum mechanical properties can be observed over a wide range of temperatures and do not require strictly controlled conditions such as environmental shielding. These characteristics make NV centers promising candidates for sensing applications, such as defense-related technologies. Potential applications include magnetometry for navigation and radio-frequency sensing for signal interception, motivating the project conducted at the Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI). This thesis presents and evaluates a low-cost and portable design of an NV center based magnetometer to determine the feasibility of such designs. The results demonstrate that the sensor is capable of detecting the underlying quantum phenomena in a diamond containing NV centers, yielding an optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) signal. Furthermore, the sensor responds to changes in magnetic fields. However, several design challenges remain before achieving high-accuracy sensing performance.