Quantum mechanics is one of basics theories of modern physics, and it is also a theory established with some debates of assumptions. However, in the teaching process, if the assumption of wave-particle duality is directly given, it will be particularly difficult for students to understand. Therefore, based on the teaching practice and previous research, we assume that light corresponds to a kind of real particle starting from the classical electromagnetic theory, according to the description methods of wave optics and geometric optics, and the form of functional equations. Subsequently, employing Planck's quantum conditions, we discuss the connection between the wave nature and particle nature of light. And then the Planck-Einstein relation and the de Broglie relationship are derived, which reflect the wave-particle duality of light and real particle.
Quantum mechanics is one of basics theories of modern physics, and it is also a theory established with some debates of assumptions. However, in the teaching process, if the assumption of wave-particle duality is directly given, it will be particularly difficult for students to understand. Therefore, based on the teaching practice and previous research, we assume that light corresponds to a kind of real particle starting from the classical electromagnetic theory, according to the description methods of wave optics and geometric optics, and the form of functional equations. Subsequently, employing Planck's quantum conditions, we discuss the connection between the wave nature and particle nature of light. And then the Planck-Einstein relation and the de Broglie relationship are derived, which reflect the wave-particle duality of light and real particle.
The need of understanding and teaching about wave-particle duality if light with gets more and more apparent in the background of the attention of modern physics. As early as the beginning of twentieth Century, Einstein dared to "deny" the development of a very perfect light electromagnetic theory, so that the quantum of light can be developed. In 1924, De Broglie put forward wave-particle duality if light to other micro particles and the concept of matter wave, pointed out that all micro particle has wave-particle duality. This is a very abstract concept for students, most college physics teaching all lack of demonstration about particle duality of light. The present article aims to contribute to demonstrate the wave-particle duality of light at the same time using a simple way based on fiber optical tweezers. It is hoped that useful lesson can be absorbed so that students can deepen the understanding of the particle and wave properties of light. To complement the demonstration experiment for this attribute light has momentum.
Wave-particle duality (WPD) of photons is a recurrent topic in science education research in teaching and learning the quantum behaviour of light. In this commentary, we discuss how WPD has been approached in science teaching and science education literature, and how it leads to ontological challenges in searching for the real “nature of photons”. We suggest that WPD can serve as a starting point of teaching quantum physics if we want to use natural language in discussing experimental results (as Bohr intended it to be). That way WPD can also be approached as part of modern quantum optics as a natural language expression to communicate information acquired in experiments. Such an ap-proach includes a contemporary understanding of quantitative WPD as a means to speak about features of photons as quantum states, not as entity-like objects. Content is discussed at a level appropriate for physics teacher education.
Wave-particle duality is widely regarded as one of the conceptual pillars of modern quantum theory, providing the framework through which the behavior of microscopic matter can be consistently interpreted. According to this principle, microscopic entities such as electrons, photons, atoms and even complex molecules exhibit both wave-like and particle-like properties depending on the experimental configuration used to observe them. This duality is quantitatively formalized through the De Broglie relation, which associates a wavelength with any particle possessing momentum. The present work provides a comprehensive theoretical analysis of the physical and mathematical foundations of wave-particle duality, focusing particularly on the De Broglie wavelength and the kinetic energy of the electron in both non-relativistic and relativistic regimes. The connection between the De Broglie hypothesis and Schrödinger’s equation is discussed in detail, highlighting the role of the kinetic energy operator and the interpretation of matter waves in terms of quantum wave packets. Experimental evidence supporting the wave nature of matter, including electron diffraction experiments and interferometry techniques, is also reviewed. Beyond their conceptual importance, these principles underpin several modern technologies, including electron microscopy, nanoscale semiconductor devices and quantum metrology. The analysis demonstrates that the De Broglie relation provides a unifying framework connecting momentum, wavelength and kinetic energy, thereby forming a fundamental bridge between classical mechanics, quantum theory and modern technological applications.
The wave-particle duality is a fundamental property of the nature. At the same time, it is one of the greatest mysteries of modern physics. This gave rise to a whole direction in quantum physics - the interpretation of quantum mechanics. The Wiener experiments demonstrating the wave-particle duality of light are discussed. It is shown that almost all interpretations of quantum mechanics allow explaining the double-slit experiments, but are powerless to explain the Wiener experiments. The reason of the paradox, associated with the wave-particle duality is analyzed. The quantum theory consists of two independent parts: (i) the dynamic equations describing the behavior of a quantum object (for example, the Schrodinger or Maxwell equations), and (ii) the Born’s rule, the relation between the wave function and the probability of finding the particle at a given point. It is shown that precisely the Born’s rule results in paradox in explaining the wave-particle duality. In order to eliminate this paradox, we propose a new rational interpretation of the wave-particle duality and associated new rule, connecting the corpuscular and wave properties of quantum objects. It is shown that this new rational interpretation of the wave-particle duality allows using the classic images of particle and wave in explaining the quantum mechanical and optical phenomena, does not result in paradox in explaining the doubleslit experiments and Wiener experiments, and does not contradict to the modern quantum mechanical concepts. It is shown that the Born’s rule follows immediately from proposed new rules as an approximation.
The development of the quantum theory has been on -going for many years.The wave -particle duality has been and is central to debates among physicists, in their endeavor to understand and bring more insight about the quantum theory.In this paper attempts by physicists to clarify the wave -particle duality are discussed.The wave or particle or both state of matter is analyzed, followed by discussion on the criticisms on de Broglie equation.Lastly, the paper concludes that debates on the wave -particle duality will continue since there is no consensus yet among physicists, and that experimental evidence should be given to substantiate claims.
Based on the quantum field theory and classical electromagnetic field theory, the behaviors of the electromagnetic field in the boundary of the classical environment and the quantum environment were studied, and three dead-points and five paradoxes, like Lorentz-Compton paradox, non-conservation of the energy of the electromagnetic field before and after quantization due to a number of zero-point energy, the non-self-consistence of the wave-particle duality, etc, were discovered. Through analyzing these dead-points and paradoxes, we found that these paradoxes are related to each other, and all wrapped together. The core problem is the non-self-consistence in the theoretical system and the ambiguity in the mechanism of the wave-particle duality. Based on resolving the classical electromagnetic field into the electromagnetic element-waves according to the photons, a third kind of wave-particle duality, the particle-like characteristics of the classical electromagnetic field in structure, was put forward, and the structure of &pgr;-shape of three kinds of wave-particle duality was revealed. So, in wave-particle duality, the wave and the particle are staggered in existing time, or in existing form, either in imagination or in reality, and the third kind of wave-particle duality will be combined into a unit with the first kind of wave-particle duality, Einstein's wave-particle duality of light, and the second kind of wave-particle duality, de Broglie's wave-particle duality of matter particle. Hence, a self-consistent picture of wave-particle duality of light was set up, and three dead-points and five paradoxes of the electromagnetic field in the boundary of the classical environment and the quantum environment were dispelled. In the last, a crucial experiment was designed for testing this picture.