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Quantum Information Processing

Semi-quantum voting protocol with decentralization of vote verification and traceability

Qiu Shujing, Xiangjun Xin, Qian Zheng, Chaoyang Li, Fagen Li

Published Dec 12, 2024• 2 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s11128-024-04604-6

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Utilizing designated verifiers in consumer-centric electronic voting (CCEV) systems not only enhances confidentiality but also upholds authenticity, validates the accuracy of votes, and protects participants’ privacy. Besides, integrating blockchain technology offers a decentralized and tamper-resistant solution that addresses issues like the single point of failure of traditional CCEV systems. However, the emergence of quantum computing introduces new security threats to established blockchain-based CCEV systems. To ensure the confidentiality and integrity of the voting process, we suggest a quantum blockchain-enabled CCEV system with designated verification that employs principles such as quantum key distribution and the no-cloning theorem. The suggested framework combines quantum computing with blockchain to make CCEV safe and resistant to quantum attacks, and to lower the chance of tampering. The security analysis section showcases the security features offered by the proposed system, including designated verification, source hiding, and non-transferability properties. Furthermore, a detailed performance analysis demonstrates the potential of the suggested system based on computational and communication efficiency with other existing state-of-the-art protocols. Therefore, our system provides enhanced security features, making it more suitable and effective for CCEV.
Abstract To remove any trusted third party from the voting scheme, a new primitive quantum secure multiparty exclusive OR protocol based on Measurement-Device-Independence (MDI) is presented by utilizing entanglement swapping of Bell states. Based on this primitive protocol of quantum secure multiparty protocol, a novel quantum anonymous veto voting scheme is constructed, which can meet complete security attributes. Especially, this scheme does not need any third party to count the votes, while all voters can tally the voting results by themselves. At the same time, blockchain is introduced for supervision, so that the voters can verify the validity of the voting content under extreme circumstances. The voting scheme takes Bell states as quantum resources and only performs Bell states identification based on the principle of MDI, so it is feasible to implement this scheme with the present quantum information processing technologies. Finally, the proposed voting scheme is simulated in IBM Qiskit, and the simulation results show that this scheme is correct and feasible.
The advent of quantum computing poses a threat to the bases of classical cryptographies and thus the RSA and ECC are susceptible to attacks at the time of a poly with Shors algorithm. The present paper proposes QUBE-Crypto (Quantum Unbreakable Blockchain-Enhanced Cryptography) which is a new multi-layered protocol that facilitates a synergistic combination of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) that can provide information-theoretic key protection, Post-Quantum Digital Signatures (Dilithium-5, SQIsignHD) that offer computational authentication resilience, blockchain-based immutable identity anchoring and Pseudorandom Quantum State (PRS) challenges that can provide unforgeable verification. Unlike existing approaches that address quantum threats in isolation, QUBE-Crypto provides end-to-end quantum-safe communication by combining provably secure key exchange, quantum-resistant signatures, decentralized trust, and clone-proof authentication. The protocol is formally specified through a five-phase algorithm encompassing initialization, QKD-based session key establishment, PRS-based challengeresponse authentication, blockchain-anchored verification, and encrypted message exchange. Applications span IoT security, smart cities, digital voting, and decentralized identity systems requiring resilience against both classical and quantum adversaries.