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Global AI Summit - International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Emerging Technology (AI Summit)

Quantum Unbreakable Blockchain-Enhanced Security & Cryptography

Md Thouhedul Alam Tonoy, Mannu Baveja, Partha Chanda, Mohammad Yasir Bin Taleb Abrar, Dipta Majumder, Ariyan Paul

Published Nov 19, 2025• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

The advent of quantum computing poses a threat to the bases of classical cryptographies and thus the RSA and ECC are susceptible to attacks at the time of a poly with Shors algorithm. The present paper proposes QUBE-Crypto (Quantum Unbreakable Blockchain-Enhanced Cryptography) which is a new multi-layered protocol that facilitates a synergistic combination of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) that can provide information-theoretic key protection, Post-Quantum Digital Signatures (Dilithium-5, SQIsignHD) that offer computational authentication resilience, blockchain-based immutable identity anchoring and Pseudorandom Quantum State (PRS) challenges that can provide unforgeable verification. Unlike existing approaches that address quantum threats in isolation, QUBE-Crypto provides end-to-end quantum-safe communication by combining provably secure key exchange, quantum-resistant signatures, decentralized trust, and clone-proof authentication. The protocol is formally specified through a five-phase algorithm encompassing initialization, QKD-based session key establishment, PRS-based challengeresponse authentication, blockchain-anchored verification, and encrypted message exchange. Applications span IoT security, smart cities, digital voting, and decentralized identity systems requiring resilience against both classical and quantum adversaries.

DOI
10.1109/aisummit66170.2025.11411027

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The advent of quantum computing poses a threat to the bases of classical cryptographies and thus the RSA and ECC are susceptible to attacks at the time of a poly with Shors algorithm. The present paper proposes QUBE-Crypto (Quantum Unbreakable Blockchain-Enhanced Cryptography) which is a new multi-layered protocol that facilitates a synergistic combination of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) that can provide information-theoretic key protection, Post-Quantum Digital Signatures (Dilithium-5, SQIsignHD) that offer computational authentication resilience, blockchain-based immutable identity anchoring and Pseudorandom Quantum State (PRS) challenges that can provide unforgeable verification. Unlike existing approaches that address quantum threats in isolation, QUBE-Crypto provides end-to-end quantum-safe communication by combining provably secure key exchange, quantum-resistant signatures, decentralized trust, and clone-proof authentication. The protocol is formally specified through a five-phase algorithm encompassing initialization, QKD-based session key establishment, PRS-based challengeresponse authentication, blockchain-anchored verification, and encrypted message exchange. Applications span IoT security, smart cities, digital voting, and decentralized identity systems requiring resilience against both classical and quantum adversaries.
Quantum computing poses threats to existing cryptographic protocols like RSA and ECC. We propose QUBE-Crypto, a hybrid framework integrating Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), Post-Quantum Digital Signatures, Blockchain storage, and Pseudorandom Quantum States (PRSs). This architecture provides zero-trust authentication with provable security against classical and quantum attacks. Complexity analysis shows O(nlogn) authentication overhead with 150-260ms latency, suitable for IoT (ESP32), 5G/6G networks, and government deployments. Our system combines blockchain-secured identity registration with BB84 QKD, PRS-based challenges, and postquantum signatures (Dilithium-5, SQIsignHD), optimized for resource-constrained devices.
When quantum computers become practical the traditional cryptographic systems will need replacement because they cannot protect against quantum attacks. We present QUBE-Crypto as our innovative hybrid cryptographic solution made of multiple protection methods which blend Quantum Key Distribution with post-quantum digital signatures and blockchain technology plus pseudorandom quantum state security challenges. QUBE-Crypto offers QUBE-AUTH as a protocol to secure quantum identity verification and communication processes. The system verifies authentications unbreakably through quantum behaviors and protects communication with Dilithium-5 digital signatures plus blockchain time stamps. QUBE-Crypto offers simple hardware setups and matches the 5 G and 6 G networks which makes it workable across different internet-of-things devices plus lets users send private messages safely and set up digital services without a central authority.
The present paper presents QUBE-Crypto, a new authentication system providing an integration of three fundamental security mechanisms: Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC), and blockchain. The mechanism was implemented for Internet of Things (IoT) and for this purpose, outstanding performance results were obtained. The testing on ESP32 microcontrollers is fully authenticated in 3.5 seconds us- ing only 45 mJ energy. The framework is Dilithium-5—an NIST-standardized post-quantum signature algorithm which offers 128-bits security. The blockchain offers distributed verification of identities without centralized trust with consensus latency of 8.2 seconds. While post-quantum and quantum defenses are integrated, the re- sults show that QUBE-Crypto achieves comparable performance to traditional systems while ensuring security through quantum-resistant methods that integrate identity management on a blockchain. The whole framework is suitable for resource-limited applications such as smart home sensors, industrial IoT, and medical instruments. This research offers empirical demonstration of quantum-safe authentication on embedded devices and provides a prototype for the post-quantum IoT security era.
Quantum computing is progressing at a fast rate and there is a real threat that classical cryptographic methods can be compromised and therefore impact the security of blockchain networks. All of the ways used to secure blockchain like Rivest–Shamir–Adleman (RSA), Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) and Secure Hash Algorithm 256-bit (SHA256) are the characteristic of the traditional cryptographic techniques vulnerable to attack by quantum algorithms: Shor’s and Grover’s algorithms: can efficiently break asymmetric encryption and speed up brute force attacks. Because of this vulnerability, there exists a need to develop an advance quantum resilient blockchain framework to protect the decentralized ledgers from the future threats of the quantum. This research proposes Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC), Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) and Quantum Random Number Generation (QRNG) as a formidable architectural integration, to fortify security of blockchain. Classical encryption is replaced with PQC, QKD with secure key exchange by detecting eavesdropping, and QRNG with improving cryptographic randomness to remove the predictable key vulnerability. Only with a small loss of transaction efficiency, we increase transaction encryption accuracy, key exchange security, and resistance to quantum attacks. In this quantum enhanced blockchain design, the idea is to preserve the decentralization, transparency and security and at the same time overcome the future quantum threat. By going through rigorous analysis and comparative evaluation, we demonstrate that the approach saves blockchain networks from the emerging quantum risks to make sure that the decentralized finance, smart contracts and cross chain transactions.
The fast growth of quantum computing makes the old modes of cryptography, be it RSA or ECC, weak to quantum attacks, especially when it employs Shor's algorithm. Threatening also builds up on the post-quantum age regarding blockchain technology and its external cryptography, which secures reliable transactions and authentication. This study will address the importance of quantum resistant blockchain authentication protocols for the security of decentralized systems against any forward-looking quantum-enabled attacks. This paper goes through different classifications of post-quantum cryptography like lattice-based, hash-based, multivariate polynomial, and code-based cryptography, taking an effort to analyze their compatibility with blockchain use cases.[8] Moreover, we also introduce the innovative quantum-resistant authentication model designed to enhance security while not compromising upon efficiency.[2] [3] Our proposed model would ensure scalability and less computational overhead by partially providing immunity to quantum adversaries through its underlying use of post-quantum signature schemes and lightweight key exchange mechanisms. This research aims at laying the foundation for developing a secure blockchain ecosystem against quantum threats, heading toward a resistant future-proof decentralized infrastructure. [4] [5]
The Metaverse integrates virtual reality, augmented reality, and decentralized economies, but its security foundations are increasingly threatened by quantum computing. Classical cryptography used in blockchain systems is vulnerable to quantum attacks, while existing blockchain-based frameworks lack quantum resistance. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) offers provably secure communication, but has not been systematically applied to Metaverse security. To address this gap, we propose Q-CryptChain, a hybrid framework that combines QKD with blockchain to deliver quantum-safe confidentiality, tamper-proof integrity, and continuous authentication. We formalize the system and threat model, define explicit security properties, and present strengthened algorithms for handshake, transaction validation, and session monitoring. Q-CryptChain provides a future-proof security foundation for Metaverse ecosystems, enabling trustworthy interactions against emerging quantum-era threats.