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Chinese Journal of Physics

Optimization of the rotational mode entanglement in a ring-shaped cavity with Casimir forces

Rubab Shabir, Fazal Badshah, Sobia Asghar, Ziauddin Ziauddin, Muhammad Idrees, Shi‐Hai Dong

Published Dec 9, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.cjph.2024.12.003

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The irrotational nature of superfluids leads to spectacular rotational properties. For the fluid to rotate, its density must locally vanish at a singular point called a quantum vortex. The annular geometry is of great interest for studying superfluidity as the gas can rotate in this geometry around a central hole without requiring any singularity, allowing the existence of persistent currents along the ring with a quantized circulation. In out experiment, we confine cold atoms dressed by a radiofrequency field in an adiabatic potential based on a quadrupolar magnetic trap. The resulting bubble-shaped potential, both very smooth and easily tunable, allows us to produce two types of ring-shaped Bose-Einstein condensates. A first strategy consists in adding a far-detuned light sheet to confine the atoms at the intersection between the bubble and the horizontal plane imposed by the light field – i.e. a ring. We present the implementation and optimization of this trap and demonstrate the possibility to prepare and observe superfluid currents in the ring. A second path exploits the centrifugal force and the anharmonicity of the adiabatic potential to create an effective Mexican hat potential by rotating the trapped atoms at the bottom of the bubble faster than the trap frequency. After having realized such a system, we probe its quadrupolar modes to characterize the rotation. The study of vortex distribution in the rotating gas also shows a thermal melting effect of the finite temperature vortex lattice.
The force experienced by an atom inside a parallel‐plate waveguide is one of the basic phenomena of cavity QED. The full QED expression for this force is a complicated function, which depends upon the atomic oscillator strengths, the position of the atom, and the width of the cavity. For ground‐state atoms one can distinguish two simple limits. (i) When the gap is sufficiently small, the force takes on the form of a van der Waals interaction between the instantaneous electric dipole of the atom and its multiple images in the walls of the waveguide. (ii) In a large gap, when the atom is far from the walls, the van der Waals force is suppressed and the main force predicted by theory is due to the Casimir interaction of the atom with the cavity vacuum field. Whereas the van der Waals force between atoms and conductors has previously been studied experimentally, the Casimir force has not. Here we report the first observation of atom deflection by the Casimir force.