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Chinese Physics B

Quantum-state engineering using enhanced tripartite interactions in atom–photon–phonon hybrid systems

Yaowu Guo, Jiaqiang Zhao, Lianzhen Cao, Yingde Li, Hong‐Yan Lu

Published Dec 4, 2024• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract We introduce a hybrid cavity optomechanical model capable of generating significant genuine tripartite interactions and entanglement among coherent degrees of freedom. However, realizing and controlling such tripartite interactions and their entanglement pose crucial challenges that remain largely unexplored. In this work, we predict a tripartite coupling mechanism within a hybrid quantum system consisting of a vibrating mechanical oscillator, a two-level atom and a single-frequency cavity field. We specifically propose a mechanism for tripartite and cross-Kerr nonlinear coupling through displacement and squeezing transformations. By adjusting the optical amplitude of the pump light, we can effectively enhance these nonlinear couplings, facilitating the manipulation of entangled and squeezed states. The resulting tripartite genuine entanglement exhibits distinct evolutionary characteristics. Notably, when the pump light amplitude is large, the tripartite entanglement persists for longer time. Additionally, the phonon displays characteristics of both cooling and squeezing. Our study presents a pathway for exploring and exploiting controllable multipartite entanglement, as well as achieving phonon cooling and squeezing with the assistance of a mesoscopic harmonic oscillator. This work underscores the innovative potential of our model in advancing the field of optomechanics and quantum entanglement.

DOI
10.1088/1674-1056/ad9a5d

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Abstract We introduce a hybrid cavity optomechanical model capable of generating significant genuine tripartite interactions and entanglement among coherent degrees of freedom. However, realizing and controlling such tripartite interactions and their entanglement pose crucial challenges that remain largely unexplored. In this work, we predict a tripartite coupling mechanism within a hybrid quantum system consisting of a vibrating mechanical oscillator, a two-level atom and a single-frequency cavity field. We specifically propose a mechanism for tripartite and cross-Kerr nonlinear coupling through displacement and squeezing transformations. By adjusting the optical amplitude of the pump light, we can effectively enhance these nonlinear couplings, facilitating the manipulation of entangled and squeezed states. The resulting tripartite genuine entanglement exhibits distinct evolutionary characteristics. Notably, when the pump light amplitude is large, the tripartite entanglement persists for longer time. Additionally, the phonon displays characteristics of both cooling and squeezing. Our study presents a pathway for exploring and exploiting controllable multipartite entanglement, as well as achieving phonon cooling and squeezing with the assistance of a mesoscopic harmonic oscillator. This work underscores the innovative potential of our model in advancing the field of optomechanics and quantum entanglement.
Phonon nonlinearities play an important role in hybrid quantum networks and on-chip quantum devices. We investigate the phonon statistics of a mechanical oscillator in hybrid systems composed of an atom and one or two standard optomechanical cavities. An efficiently enhanced atom-phonon interaction can be derived via a tripartite atom-photon-phonon interaction, where the atom-photon coupling depends on the mechanical displacement without practically changing a cavity frequency. This novel mechanism of optomechanical interactions, as predicted recently by Cotrufo et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett.118, 133603 (2017)10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.133603], is fundamentally different from standard ones. In the enhanced atom-phonon coupling, the strong phonon nonlinearity at a single-excitation level is obtained in the originally weak-coupling regime, which leads to the appearance of phonon blockade. Moreover, the optimal parameter regimes are presented both for the cases of one and two cavities. We compared phonon-number correlation functions of different orders for mechanical steady states generated in the one-cavity hybrid system, revealing the occurrence of phonon-induced tunneling and different types of phonon blockade. Our approach offers an alternative method to generate and control a single phonon in the quantum regime and could have potential applications in single-phonon quantum technologies.
Phonon nonlinearities play an important role in hybrid quantum networks and on-chip quantum devices. We investigate the phonon statistics of a mechanical oscillator in hybrid systems composed of an atom and one or two standard optomechanical cavities. An efficiently enhanced atom-phonon interaction can be derived via a tripartite atom-photon-phonon interaction, where the atom-photon coupling depends on the mechanical displacement without practically changing a cavity frequency. This novel mechanism of optomechanical interactions, as predicted recently by Cotrufo et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 133603 (2017)], is fundamentally different from standard ones. In the enhanced atom-phonon coupling, the strong phonon nonlinearity at a single-excitation level is obtained in the originally weak-coupling regime, which leads to the appearance of phonon blockade. Moreover, the optimal parameter regimes are presented both for the cases of one- and two- cavities. We compared phonon-number correlation functions of different orders for mechanical steady states generated in the one-cavity hybrid system, revealing the occurrence of phonon-induced tunneling and different types of phonon blockade. Our approach offers an alternative method to generate and control a single phonon in the quantum regime, and has potential applications in single-phonon quantum technologies.
Abstract The ability to engineer entangled states that involve macroscopic objects is of particular importance for a wide variety of quantum‐enabled technologies, ranging from quantum information processing to quantum sensing. Here how to achieve coherent manipulation and enhancement of quantum entanglement in a hybrid optomechanical system, which consists of a Fabry–Pérot cavity with two movable mirrors, an optical parametric amplifier (OPA), and an injected squeezed vacuum reservoir is proposed. It is shown that the advantages of this system are twofold: 1) one can effectively regulate the light‐mirror interactions by introducing a squeezed intracavity mode via the OPA; 2) when properly matching the squeezing parameters between the squeezed cavity mode and the injected squeezed vacuum reservoir, the optical input noises can be suppressed completely. These peculiar features of this system allow the generation and manipulation of quantum entanglement in a coherent and controllable way. More importantly, it is also found that such controllable entanglement, under some specific squeezing parameters, can be considerably enhanced in comparison with those of the conventional optomechanical system. The work, providing a promising method to regulate and tailor the light‐mirror interaction, is poised to serve as a useful tool for engineering various quantum effects which are based on cavity optomechanics.
Quantum entanglement is a crucial resource for a wide variety of quantum technologies. However, the current state-of-art methods to generate quantum entanglement in optomechanical systems are not as efficient as all-optical methods utilizing nonlinear crystals. This article proposes a new scheme in which two single-mode squeezed light fields are injected into an optomechanical cavity. We demonstrate through our numerical simulations that the quantum entanglement can be substantially enhanced with the careful selection of squeezing strength and squeezing angle of the two quadrature squeezed light fields. Our results represent a significant improvement in output bipartite photon-photon entanglement over the previously demonstrated schemes using two coherent light fields as inputs. These simulations predict a maximum increase in bipartite optical entanglement by a factor of about 6, as well as increases in the quantum noise of the output light. A perceived loss of quantum information at certain squeezing angles is attributed to tripartite entanglement between the two optical fields and the optomechanical oscillator (OMO). At particular squeezing angles, the bipartite (or tripartite) entanglement can be increased, thus introducing a method of optically controlling the intracavity entanglement. These mechanics can benefit various optical quantum technologies utilizing optomechanical entanglement and continuous variable quantum optics.
Quantum entanglement is pivotal in modern quantum technologies, spanning applications from quantum networks to quantum metrology. Controllable quantum entanglement in cavity optomechanical systems has been an enduring pursuit. We propose a unique method for flexible manipulation and switching of optomechanical entanglement in a squeezed-cavity-assisted optomechanical system consisting of a χ (2) -nonlinear optical cavity and an optomechanical cavity. Squeezing the nonlinear optical cavity through parametric pumping allows effective control of light-light and light-vibration interactions within the system. This capability of the squeezed system plays a key role in manipulating quantum entanglement. We find that quantum entanglement between the unsqueezed cavity mode and the mechanical mode can be effectively regulated by adjusting the pump laser parameters. Furthermore, by turning the phase of the pump, we can achieve highly flexible quantum switching between entanglement and separability. Additionally, we demonstrate increased entanglement between the squeezed cavity mode and the mechanical mode when completely suppressing the pump-induced optical input noise. Our findings pave the way not only towards the manipulation and protection of fragile quantum entanglement but also to achieve photon-phonon quantum control by exploiting quantum squeezing.
Multipartite interactions provide a unique route to generate hybrid quantum states, yet their intrinsically weak nonlinear coupling limits the controllable manipulation of the resulting correlations. Here we show that cooperative double squeezing and cavity Kerr nonlinearity together enable controllable engineering of Kerr-filtered hybrid states in a tripartite spin-photon-phonon system. Double squeezing exponentially enhances the spin-mediated photon-phonon pair-generation channel, whereas the Kerr interaction selectively reshapes the photonic component while maintaining the underlying tripartite conversion process. This mechanism reconstructs the composition of the hybrid excitation and gives rise to a fourfold phase-space manifold associated with spontaneous Z2(a)×Z2(b)Z_{2}^{(a)}\times Z_{2}^{(b)}Z2(a)​×Z2(b)​ parity breaking. Our results reveal a strategy for engineering hybrid quantum states by combining interaction amplification with mode-selective nonlinear filtering.