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Applied Sciences

Recent Progress in Multiplexed Single-Photon Sources

Петер Адам, Matyas I. Mechler

Published Dec 2, 2024• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We review the progress in multiplexed single-photon sources, including overviews on heralded single-photon sources and photon-number-resolving detectors, the various approaches to multiplexing, and their successful experimental realizations. We also summarize the recent results on the theoretical description and optimization of multiplexed single-photon sources, focusing on the procedures and methods that enable the improvement of the performance of these sources.

DOI
10.3390/app142311249

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We review the progress in multiplexed single-photon sources, including overviews on heralded single-photon sources and photon-number-resolving detectors, the various approaches to multiplexing, and their successful experimental realizations. We also summarize the recent results on the theoretical description and optimization of multiplexed single-photon sources, focusing on the procedures and methods that enable the improvement of the performance of these sources.
The generation, measurement, and manipulation of light at the single- and few-photon levels underpin a rapidly expanding range of applications. These range from applications moving into the few-photon regime in order to achieve improved sensitivity and/or energy efficiency, as well as new applications that operate solely in this regime, such as quantum key distribution and physical quantum random number generation. There is intensive research to develop new quantum optical technologies, for example, quantum sensing, simulation, and computing. These applications rely on the performance of the single-photon sources and detectors they employ; this review article gives an overview of the methods, both conventional and recently developed, that are available for measuring the performance of these devices, with traceability to the SI system.
Current sources of heralded single photons based on nonlinear optics operate in a probabilistic manner. In order to build quantum-enhanced devices based around the use of single photons, compact, turn-key and deterministic sources are required. A possible solution is to multiplex a number of sources to increase the single-photon generation probability and in so doing reducing the waiting time to deliver large numbers of photons simultaneously, from independent sources. Previously it has been shown that, in the ideal case, 17 multiplexed sources allow deterministic generation of heralded single photons [Christ and Silberhorn, Phys. Rev. A 85, 023829 (2012)]. Here we extend this analysis to include undesirable effects of detector inefficiency and photon loss on a number of multiplexed sources using a variety of different detectors for heralding. We compare these systems for fixed signal-to-noise ratio to allow a direct comparison of performance for real- world heralded single photon sources.