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Cluster Computing

Securing the future: exploring post-quantum cryptography for authentication and user privacy in IoT devices

Khwaja Mansoor, Mehreen Afzal, Waseem Iqbal, Yawar Abbas

Published Nov 26, 2024• 76 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s10586-024-04799-4

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With the rapid development of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, the number of IoT users is growing year after year. IoT will become a part of our daily lives, so it is likely that the security of these devices will be an important issue in the future. Quantum computing is maturing, and the security threat associated with quantum computing will be faced in the transmissions of IoT devices, which mainly use wireless communication technologies. Therefore, to ensure the protection of transmitted data, a cryptographic algorithm that is efficient in defeating quantum computer attacks needs to be developed. In this paper, we propose a device authentication and secure communication system with post-quantum cryptography (PQC) for AIoT environments using the NTRU and Falcon signature mechanism, which can resist quantum computer attacks and be used in AIoT environments to effectively protect the confidentiality, integrity, and non-repudiation of transmitted data. We also used Raspberry Pi to simulate AIoT devices for implementation.
The proliferation of consumer electronics (CE), from smartphones to IoT-enabled smart devices, has significantly transformed our everyday lives, enhancing convenience and connectivity. However, these transformations to modern life have introduced security vulnerabilities, particularly as traditional cryptographic algorithms face mounting challenges from quantum computing technology. Post-quantum cryptography (PQC) has emerged as a promising solution for providing future-proof security for next-generation CE against the quantum computing threat. PQC algorithms are developed to resist cyberattacks from both classical and quantum computers, ensuring long-term security solutions. This article explores the integration of PQC into next-generation CE devices to ensure confidentiality, integrity, and user privacy. It highlights the vulnerabilities of classical cryptographic methods and underscores the need for transitioning to quantum-resistant solutions. Moreover, the practical implementation of PQC in resource-constrained CE devices is analyzed. Our evaluation shows that optimized PQC incurs negligible overhead on servers (5%), can be up to 12× slower on CE devices, and reduces communication overhead below conventional ECC (1 KB vs. 2.1 KB), while achieving hardware throughput thousands of times higher than RSA. By proactively exploring the opportunities and challenges associated with PQC, this research outlines future directions for implementing robust, scalable, and secure systems, thereby ensuring consumer trust in the evolving technological landscape.
Complex infrastructures integrate Internet of Things (IoT) and Edge Computing (EC) to provide heterogeneous users with in-brim services resembling caching. These assimilated environments are security demanding because of the legacy and future computer/ system vulnerabilities. This article presents a Quantum-Innovated Authentication Framework (QIAF) to improve the security of IoT-EC through post-quantum cryptography based on lattice-based designs. The proposed framework combines sophisticated lattice vulnerability assumptions and module learning in order to execute protected key exchange through the di-lithium scheme. This framework can be used to obtain sustainable resistance against legacy and quantum adversaries with security by combining structured lattice trapdoors and adaptive scheme parameter tuning. This framework helps in the preservation of data integrity and confidentiality in quantum-threatened scalable environments by incorporating the authentication within the current IoT-EC infrastructures, providing secure and future-proof security guarantees. For the varying users, the proposed framework is found to reduce the time taken for authentication by 11.36% and verification time by 11.71%.