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A novel look at the double-slit experiment through the symmetries of the vacuum

David H. Oaknin

Published Nov 16, 2024• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The renowned double-slit experiment encompasses some of the deepest mysteries of QuantumMechanics: single particles behave as corpuscles, but their statistical behavior corresponds to de-localized wave packets. Here, we offer a novel, physically intuitive explanation for this dual behavior.The proposal is based on insight gained from a recently described statistical description of anotherrenowned experiment: the CHSH-Bell experiment. According to the proposed explanation, while each particle follows a single path as it goes through the double-slit and into the detector, it alsomodifies the physical properties of the vacuum around it by spontaneously breaking its symmetries.The well-known pattern of interference fringes that appears in statistical analysis of long sequencesof repetitions is then understood as the result of the self-interaction of the propagating particleswith the polarized vacuum they create around themselves. An experimental setup aimed to test theoffered explanation is suggested.

Related papers

A look at the double-slit experiment through the symmetries of the vacuum

David H. Oaknin

The double-slit experiment encompasses the deepest mysteries of Quantum Mechanics. Here, we offer a physically intuitive explanation of this experiment based on insight from a recently described statistical model for the CHSH-Bell and Franson experiments. Accordingly, while each particle follows a single path as it goes through the device and into a detector, it also modifies the physical properties of the vacuum around it by spontaneously breaking its group of symmetries. The well-known pattern of interference fringes that appears in statistical analysis of long sequences of repetitions is then understood as the result of the self-interaction of the propagating particles with the polarized vacuum they create around themselves. A novel experimental setup aimed to test the offered explanation is proposed.

•Aug 26, 2024•0 citations

The IN/OUT Wave Mechanism: A Non-Local Foundation for Quantum Behavior and the Double-Slit Experiment

Gui Furne Gouveia

This work extends the framework developed in "The Vibrational Fabric of Spacetime" [1] by detailing the IN/OUT wave mechanism. It provides a detailed, step-by-step explanation of how particles, as self-trapped wave packets, interact non-locally with their environment. We focus on applying this mechanism to the double-slit experiment, offering a mechanical and intuitive explanation for quantum interference and the role of the environment. The principle of "source subtraction" is introduced as a fundamental geometric method for determining allowed particle paths. This exposition demonstrates how quantum behavior emerges from the inherently extended nature of particles defined by their wave-mediated connection to the universe.

•Sep 25, 2025•0 citations

Quantum behavior in the Double Slit Experiment and the limitations of the equipment used.

Ernest Heinz

Abstract: Many problems exist in the Double Slit Experiment when you consider that the elements in the test are moving as waves. Outside of the pattern resembling peeks and troughs that overlap each other; there is no real scientific explanation on how this is taking place. In a more accurate and classical way, can we explain how the dark and light areas of the interference pattern are being made? Why is an Interference pattern being made when particles are being sent through the exercise one at a time? And how is it that through observation the Interference pattern collapses in on itself. Waves add more questions than they do answers, a very typical outcome of an incorrect solution. Maybe the unanswered questions left behind by the wave theory is a confirmation of its inaccuracy and not the mystique of its results. Rather than double down on the wave theory with time traveling particles, elements of duality, and the Copenhagen Interpretation; l reconsidered that elements tested in the double slit experiment behave as particles. But this time, I weighed the thought that these bits of matter are much smaller than previously thought. This new logic allowed particles with straight trajectories to interact with the edge of materials used in the double slit wall in a very detailed way. This created a storm of new ways to look at what is really taking place in the test; revealing the competence of the detectors utilized and the capacity of the Nonlinear Optical Crystal. Everything solved from just one idea, that quantum move as particles but on a much smaller scale. This is the enigma of the Double Slit Experiment.

•May 1, 2018•0 citations

Experimental Study of Mystery of Double Slit --- Comprehensive Double Slit Experiments

Hui Peng

Young’s double slit experiments, which represent the mystery of quantum mechanics, have been interpreted by quantum probability waves and pilot waves. In this article, to study the mystery, we introduce the “virtual box” which represents the slide of double-slit and its right-hand neighborhood. Within, and only within, the “virtual box” the standard wave interference patterns are formed. We propose and carry out “comprehensive double slit experiments” that show that, first, light travelling from a laser source towards the slides of double slit and/or cross-double slit behaves as particle (postulate-1), and second, after leaving the "virtual box" zone and being directed towards the detector, the light behaves as a stream of photons (postulate-2) with no further interference due to the slits. On the one hand, the interference patterns do exist in the comprehensive-double slit experiments. On the other hand, we show four novel phenomena: (1) the fringes of the interference patterns are formed independently; (2) the fringes of the interference patterns can be formed partially; (3) the longitudinal shields do not disturb the interference patterns; and (4) the range of the virtual box is less than one inch. These novel phenomena indicate that photons behave as particles, and would not be expected if photons behave as waves created by the double slit and/or cross double slit. The comprehensive-double slit experiments show the coexistence of wave distribution and particle nature of photons in the same experiment, which violates complementarity principle and thus, seems a paradox. We suggest an interpretation to address the paradox. All observations of the comprehensive-double slit experiments are consistent. Progress in studying the mystery of the double slit experiment is presented.

International Journal of Physics•Mar 23, 2021•6 citations

Double Slit Experiment Still Has Much to Offer (4): New Double Slit Experiments Violating Wave Description

Peng, Hui

Young's double slit experiments representing the mystery of quantum mechanics have been descripted by wave theories. To study the mystery, the double slit experiments were extended to the cross-double slit experiments. A description should explain all the double slit and cross-double slit experiments consistently. To test the wave description, the two postulates are proposed, which state that before passing through the double slit and before landing on the detector, photons behave as particles, but not as waves. To test the two postulates, the comprehensive double slit/cross-double slit experiments are proposed and performed. By placing shields and/or blockers near the detector/screen, the comprehensive double slit/cross-double slit experiments show that the fringes are created independently and partially, which discloses the particle nature of photons in the double slit/crossdouble slit experiments and violates the wave descriptions. The comprehensive double slit/cross-double slit experiments provide the comprehensive phenomena for developing theoretical model to study the mystery of double slit, complementarity principle, wave-particle duality, and wave theory of light.

•Oct 8, 2021•6 citations

The Double-Slit Experiment Reinterpreted: Matter-Wave Propagation and the Physical Mechanism of Quantum Interference

YOUNG HO GOH

The double-slit experiment has stood for a century as the paradigmatic demonstration of quantum superposition: the standard interpretation holds that a particle passes through both slits simultaneously, existing in a superposition of two spatially separated states. This paper proposes a physically distinct alternative: the particle's matter wave — a real physical wave propagating through space in accordance with de Broglie's relation λ = h/p — passes through both slits, while the particle itself (matter) remains in an undetermined state until a constructive interference maximum is formed at the detection screen. The particle does not simultaneously occupy two locations; the wave does. This distinction eliminates the need for superposition as an ontological commitment while fully reproducing the observed interference pattern. We further show that the disappearance of the interference pattern upon which-path measurement is explained without invoking wavefunction collapse: the measurement interaction redirects the matter wave to a single-slit geometry, eliminating the two-wave interference condition. Three experimentally testable predictions distinguish this framework from the standard interpretation: (1) weak-measurement trajectory reconstruction should reveal single particle paths inconsistent with simultaneous two-slit passage; (2) diffraction fringe spacing should depend on the mass density of the slit material, because denser slit edges generate a steeper refractive-index gradient for the matter wave; (3) the fringe pattern should exhibit a density-dependent phase shift measurable with current matter-wave interferometry technology. This reinterpretation requires no new mathematical formalism — the Schrödinger equation and Born's rule are retained — but replaces the ontological claim of simultaneous multi-location existence with the physically consistent picture of matter-wave propagation through an undetermined-state particle.

•Apr 22, 2026•0 citations
The renowned double-slit experiment encompasses some of the deepest mysteries of QuantumMechanics: single particles behave as corpuscles, but their statistical behavior corresponds to de-localized wave packets. Here, we offer a novel, physically intuitive explanation for this dual behavior.The proposal is based on insight gained from a recently described statistical description of anotherrenowned experiment: the CHSH-Bell experiment. According to the proposed explanation, while each particle follows a single path as it goes through the double-slit and into the detector, it alsomodifies the physical properties of the vacuum around it by spontaneously breaking its symmetries.The well-known pattern of interference fringes that appears in statistical analysis of long sequencesof repetitions is then understood as the result of the self-interaction of the propagating particleswith the polarized vacuum they create around themselves. An experimental setup aimed to test theoffered explanation is suggested.
The double-slit experiment encompasses the deepest mysteries of Quantum Mechanics. Here, we offer a physically intuitive explanation of this experiment based on insight from a recently described statistical model for the CHSH-Bell and Franson experiments. Accordingly, while each particle follows a single path as it goes through the device and into a detector, it also modifies the physical properties of the vacuum around it by spontaneously breaking its group of symmetries. The well-known pattern of interference fringes that appears in statistical analysis of long sequences of repetitions is then understood as the result of the self-interaction of the propagating particles with the polarized vacuum they create around themselves. A novel experimental setup aimed to test the offered explanation is proposed.
This work extends the framework developed in "The Vibrational Fabric of Spacetime" [1] by detailing the IN/OUT wave mechanism. It provides a detailed, step-by-step explanation of how particles, as self-trapped wave packets, interact non-locally with their environment. We focus on applying this mechanism to the double-slit experiment, offering a mechanical and intuitive explanation for quantum interference and the role of the environment. The principle of "source subtraction" is introduced as a fundamental geometric method for determining allowed particle paths. This exposition demonstrates how quantum behavior emerges from the inherently extended nature of particles defined by their wave-mediated connection to the universe.
Abstract: Many problems exist in the Double Slit Experiment when you consider that the elements in the test are moving as waves. Outside of the pattern resembling peeks and troughs that overlap each other; there is no real scientific explanation on how this is taking place. In a more accurate and classical way, can we explain how the dark and light areas of the interference pattern are being made? Why is an Interference pattern being made when particles are being sent through the exercise one at a time? And how is it that through observation the Interference pattern collapses in on itself. Waves add more questions than they do answers, a very typical outcome of an incorrect solution. Maybe the unanswered questions left behind by the wave theory is a confirmation of its inaccuracy and not the mystique of its results. Rather than double down on the wave theory with time traveling particles, elements of duality, and the Copenhagen Interpretation; l reconsidered that elements tested in the double slit experiment behave as particles. But this time, I weighed the thought that these bits of matter are much smaller than previously thought. This new logic allowed particles with straight trajectories to interact with the edge of materials used in the double slit wall in a very detailed way. This created a storm of new ways to look at what is really taking place in the test; revealing the competence of the detectors utilized and the capacity of the Nonlinear Optical Crystal. Everything solved from just one idea, that quantum move as particles but on a much smaller scale. This is the enigma of the Double Slit Experiment.
Young’s double slit experiments, which represent the mystery of quantum mechanics, have been interpreted by quantum probability waves and pilot waves. In this article, to study the mystery, we introduce the “virtual box” which represents the slide of double-slit and its right-hand neighborhood. Within, and only within, the “virtual box” the standard wave interference patterns are formed. We propose and carry out “comprehensive double slit experiments” that show that, first, light travelling from a laser source towards the slides of double slit and/or cross-double slit behaves as particle (postulate-1), and second, after leaving the "virtual box" zone and being directed towards the detector, the light behaves as a stream of photons (postulate-2) with no further interference due to the slits. On the one hand, the interference patterns do exist in the comprehensive-double slit experiments. On the other hand, we show four novel phenomena: (1) the fringes of the interference patterns are formed independently; (2) the fringes of the interference patterns can be formed partially; (3) the longitudinal shields do not disturb the interference patterns; and (4) the range of the virtual box is less than one inch. These novel phenomena indicate that photons behave as particles, and would not be expected if photons behave as waves created by the double slit and/or cross double slit. The comprehensive-double slit experiments show the coexistence of wave distribution and particle nature of photons in the same experiment, which violates complementarity principle and thus, seems a paradox. We suggest an interpretation to address the paradox. All observations of the comprehensive-double slit experiments are consistent. Progress in studying the mystery of the double slit experiment is presented.
Young's double slit experiments representing the mystery of quantum mechanics have been descripted by wave theories. To study the mystery, the double slit experiments were extended to the cross-double slit experiments. A description should explain all the double slit and cross-double slit experiments consistently. To test the wave description, the two postulates are proposed, which state that before passing through the double slit and before landing on the detector, photons behave as particles, but not as waves. To test the two postulates, the comprehensive double slit/cross-double slit experiments are proposed and performed. By placing shields and/or blockers near the detector/screen, the comprehensive double slit/cross-double slit experiments show that the fringes are created independently and partially, which discloses the particle nature of photons in the double slit/crossdouble slit experiments and violates the wave descriptions. The comprehensive double slit/cross-double slit experiments provide the comprehensive phenomena for developing theoretical model to study the mystery of double slit, complementarity principle, wave-particle duality, and wave theory of light.
The double-slit experiment has stood for a century as the paradigmatic demonstration of quantum superposition: the standard interpretation holds that a particle passes through both slits simultaneously, existing in a superposition of two spatially separated states. This paper proposes a physically distinct alternative: the particle's matter wave — a real physical wave propagating through space in accordance with de Broglie's relation λ = h/p — passes through both slits, while the particle itself (matter) remains in an undetermined state until a constructive interference maximum is formed at the detection screen. The particle does not simultaneously occupy two locations; the wave does. This distinction eliminates the need for superposition as an ontological commitment while fully reproducing the observed interference pattern. We further show that the disappearance of the interference pattern upon which-path measurement is explained without invoking wavefunction collapse: the measurement interaction redirects the matter wave to a single-slit geometry, eliminating the two-wave interference condition. Three experimentally testable predictions distinguish this framework from the standard interpretation: (1) weak-measurement trajectory reconstruction should reveal single particle paths inconsistent with simultaneous two-slit passage; (2) diffraction fringe spacing should depend on the mass density of the slit material, because denser slit edges generate a steeper refractive-index gradient for the matter wave; (3) the fringe pattern should exhibit a density-dependent phase shift measurable with current matter-wave interferometry technology. This reinterpretation requires no new mathematical formalism — the Schrödinger equation and Born's rule are retained — but replaces the ontological claim of simultaneous multi-location existence with the physically consistent picture of matter-wave propagation through an undetermined-state particle.