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Physical Review Applied

Room-temperature experimental implementation of quantum logic on a hybrid magnon-spin system

Wang Jiang, Han‐Xiang Zang, Shao-Chun Zhang, Xuedong Gao, Cui Yu, Yong Liu, Zhi-Wei Liu, Xiang-Dong Chen, Yang Dong, Guang-Can Guo, Fang‐Wen Sun

Published Nov 18, 2024• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The rapid advancement of quantum information technology has spurred the need for establishing hybrid quantum systems (HQSs) capable of providing complementary functionalities and multitasking capabilities. Recently, there has been growing interest in HQSs that leverage magnons and other discrete quantum systems. However, the realization of high-fidelity quantum logic on an HQS incorporating both a single spin and coherent magnons has remained elusive at room temperature. In this study, we successfully demonstrate the high-fidelity quantum control of a single spin's state and present the experimental implementation of a quantum game on an HQS through flexible coherent magnon driving. This accomplishment is made possible through the use of nitrogen-vacancy centers and yttrium-iron-garnet film. Our findings not only underscore the advantages of single-spin coherence for implementing high-fidelity quantum logic but also highlight the absence of heat generation of magnon driving resulting from reducing the energy cost by two orders of magnitude. This, in turn, opens up exciting avenues for further research focused on entangling spin qubits with a quantum data bus of magnons within the context of quantum networks.

DOI
10.1103/physrevapplied.22.054048

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The rapid advancement of quantum information technology has spurred the need for establishing hybrid quantum systems (HQSs) capable of providing complementary functionalities and multitasking capabilities. Recently, there has been growing interest in HQSs that leverage magnons and other discrete quantum systems. However, the realization of high-fidelity quantum logic on an HQS incorporating both a single spin and coherent magnons has remained elusive at room temperature. In this study, we successfully demonstrate the high-fidelity quantum control of a single spin's state and present the experimental implementation of a quantum game on an HQS through flexible coherent magnon driving. This accomplishment is made possible through the use of nitrogen-vacancy centers and yttrium-iron-garnet film. Our findings not only underscore the advantages of single-spin coherence for implementing high-fidelity quantum logic but also highlight the absence of heat generation of magnon driving resulting from reducing the energy cost by two orders of magnitude. This, in turn, opens up exciting avenues for further research focused on entangling spin qubits with a quantum data bus of magnons within the context of quantum networks.
We propose a hybrid quantum system in which a magnet supporting nonreciprocal magnons, chiral magnons, or both mediates the dissipative and unidirectional coupling of spin qubits. By driving the qubits, the steady state of this qubit-qubit coupling scheme becomes the maximally entangled Bell state. We devise a protocol where the system converges to this entangled state and benchmark it including qubit decay and dephasing. The protocol is numerically tested on a hybrid system consisting of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers coupled to magnon surface modes of a yttrium iron garnet (YIG) film. We show that the dephasing time of the NV centers forms the bottleneck for achieving the entanglement of NV centers separated by a distance within the magnon coherence length. Our findings identify the key technological requirements and demonstrate a viable route toward steady-state entanglement of solid-state spins over distances of several microns using magnonic quantum networks, expanding the toolbox of magnonics for quantum information purposes.
ABSTRACT We propose a scheme to realize magnon blockade in a hybrid system composed of a transmon‐type superconducting qubit directly coupled to the magnon mode of a single‐crystalline yttrium‐iron‐garnet sphere. By applying two‐tone driving to the qubit, we engineer an effective Hamiltonian for the magnon mode including both single‐magnon and two‐magnon interaction. Due to the destructive interference between two transition paths, the two‐magnon excitation is suppressed, and thus the unconventional magnon blockade can be achieved. We also demonstrate that the intrinsic anharmonicity of the qubit can be transferred to the magnon mode through their coherent hybridization, but this anharmonicity has almost no influence on the blockade effect. Through solving the second‐order correlation function analytically and numerically, we show that the scheme can be realized under experimentally feasible conditions and remains robust against system dissipations and environment temperature. Therefore, the presented work provides a viable path toward generating single‐magnon sources and advancing quantum information processing with magnonic platforms.
Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond and superconducting qubits are two promising solid-state quantum systems for quantum science and technology, but the realization of controlled interfaces between individual solid-state spins and superconducting qubits remains fundamentally challenging. Here, we propose and analyze a hybrid quantum system consisting of a magnetic skyrmion, an NV center, and a superconducting qubit, where the solid-state qubits are both positioned in proximity to the skyrmion structure in a thin magnetic disk. We show that it is experimentally feasible to achieve strong (coherent or dissipative) coupling between the NV center and the superconducting qubit by using the as an intermediary. This allows coherent information transfer and nonreciprocal responses between the NV center and the superconducting qubit at the single quantum level with high controllability. The proposed platform provides a scalable pathway for implementing quantum protocols that synergistically exploit the complementary advantages of spin-based quantum memories, microwave-frequency superconducting circuits, and topologically protected magnetic excitations.
We propose an efficient scheme for generating a stable spin-squeezed state in a hybrid magnon-nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers system via magnon-Floquet driving. The system consists of a yttrium iron garnet (YIG) film directly coupled to NV centers that are equidistant from the film surface, and at the same time the YIG film is driven by a Floquet field. The magnon dissipation is exploited to distribute the NV centers into the dark state, manifesting as the stable spin-squeezed state. We show that the system exhibits the low- or high-energy dark state, which is determined by whether the lowering or the raising spin operator plays the dominant role in evolution. Furthermore, we also show that the spin squeezing is robust against thermal effects and decoherence, and it is possible to detect the change in N at the single-spin level, since it exhibits a distinct odd-even effect. This scheme provides a feasible way for experimental implementation and thus has potential applications in quantum information processing, quantum simulation, and precision metrology.
Rigidity of an ordered phase in condensed matter results in collective excitation modes spatially extending in macroscopic dimensions. Magnon is a quantum of an elementary excitation in the ordered spin system, such as ferromagnet. Being low dissipative, dynamics of magnons in ferromagnetic insulators has been extensively studied and widely applied for decades in the contexts of ferromagnetic resonance, and more recently of Bose-Einstein condensation as well as spintronics. Moreover, towards hybrid systems for quantum memories and transducers, coupling of magnons and microwave photons in a resonator have been investigated. However, quantum-state manipulation at the single-magnon level has remained elusive because of the lack of anharmonic element in the system. Here we demonstrate coherent coupling between a magnon excitation in a millimetre-sized ferromagnetic sphere and a superconducting qubit, where the interaction is mediated by the virtual photon excitation in a microwave cavity. We obtain the coupling strength far exceeding the damping rates, thus bringing the hybrid system into the strong coupling regime. Furthermore, we find a tunable magnon-qubit coupling scheme utilising a parametric drive with a microwave. Our approach provides a versatile tool for quantum control and measurement of the magnon excitations and thus opens a new discipline of quantum magnonics.
We experimentally demonstrate fast and high-fidelity geometric control of a quantum system with the brachistochrone method on hybrid spin registers in diamond. Based on the time-optimal universal geometric control, single geometric gates with fidelities over 99.299.2%99.2 on the spin state of the nitrogen-vacancy center are realized with average durations shortened by 21.521.5%21.5 compared with the conventional geometric method. The fidelity of the fast geometric two-qubit gate exceeds 96.596.5%96.5 on the hybrid spin registers. With the fast and high-fidelity universal set of geometric gates available, we implement a quantum entanglement-enhanced phase estimation algorithm and demonstrate the Heisenberg quantum limit of phase estimation at room temperature. Hence our results show that high-fidelity quantum control based on a fast geometric route will be a versatile tool for broad applications of quantum information processing in practice.