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International Journal of Information Security

Construction of post quantum secure authenticated key agreement protocol for dew-assisted IoT systems

Dheerendra Mishra, Komal Pursharthi, Mrityunjay Singh, Ankita Mishra

Published Nov 7, 2024• 4 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s10207-024-00932-x

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Real-time and high-efficient communication becomes a vital property for IoT-enabled equipment, since the application range of the Internet of Things has extended widely. At the same time, the centralized characterization of the cloud computing is gradually unable to meet the demand for both low latency and high computing efficiency. To resolve these issues, new computing paradigms have been introduced, such as edge, dew, and fog computing. Recently, Saurabh et al. introduced a mutual authentication protocol, which was claimed to resist various attacks without the requirement of a trusted server, for dew-assisted IoT devices. However, this paper will show that Saurabh et al.’s scheme lacks forward security and user anonymity. Then, a new authenticated key agreement (AKA) protocol, named e-SMDAS, will be put forward and formally proven secure under the eCK security model. Further, the analysis results of BAN logic and Scyther tool will also confirm the security of e-SMDAS. Finally, the comparative analysis of security features and computation efficiency between e-SMDAS and several recent schemes will be demonstrated at the end of this paper.
Most post-quantum (PQ) authentication and key agreement (AKA) protocols proposed for IoT, edge, and 6G systems still rely on ad-hoc lattice constructions, often derived from the Ring-Learning-With-Errors (RLWE) problem. Although mathematically elegant, these protocols repeatedly exhibit structural weaknesses, such as signal-leakage, key-reuse, and no mapping to NIST PQ security levels, that prevent real deployment. This article reviews these systemic issues and contrasts them with standardized, KEM-based PQ designs such as ML-KEM (Kyber). We show that encapsulation-based AKA architectures inherit both efficiency and full cryptographic assurance, eliminating the leakage channels and cumulative vulnerabilities inherent in RLWE protocols. We advocate a transition from ad-hoc lattice protocols to standardized encapsulation-based frameworks as the foundation for secure PQ authentication in consumer, IoT, and 6G systems.