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EPJ Web of Conferences

Integrating Optical Nanofibres with Cold Rubidium Ground-State and Rydberg Atoms

Síle Nic Chormaic

Published Jan 1, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In recent years, optical nanofibres have become a promising platform for trapping, manipulating and controlling atomic systems. In this work, I will highlight our recent work on the demonstration of multiphoton processes using optical nanofibres embedded in a Rb MOT for the generation of entangled photons and the excitation of Rydberg atoms for all-fibred quantum networks.

DOI
10.1051/epjconf/202430912001

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In recent years, optical nanofibres have become a promising platform for trapping, manipulating and controlling atomic systems. In this work, I will highlight our recent work on the demonstration of multiphoton processes using optical nanofibres embedded in a Rb MOT for the generation of entangled photons and the excitation of Rydberg atoms for all-fibred quantum networks.
Photonics platforms combining laser-cooled atoms with optical nanofibres facilitate strong light–matter interactions across the classical and quantum regimes. The subwavelength confinement of the fibre-guided modes produces a large evanescent field, allowing efficient coupling of light to nearby atoms. We investigate atom-mediated processes in nanofibre-based platforms, with particular focus on Rydberg excitation of cold 87 Rb in close proximity to a dielectric. We identify key limitations to excitation efficiency and discuss alternative trapping strategies to overcome these effects.
Complete control of light-matter interactions at a single quantum level is critical for quantum science applications such as precision measurements and information processing. Nanophotonic devices, developed with recent advancements in nanofabrication techniques, can be used to tailor the interactions between single photons and atoms. One example of such a device is the optical nanofibre, which provides an excellent platform due to the strongly confined transverse light fields, long interaction length, low loss, and diverse optical modes. This facilitates a strong interaction between atoms and guided light, revealing chiral atom-light processes and the prospect of waveguide quantum electrodynamics. This work highlights recent advances on optical nanofiber mediated excitation of cold rubidium Rydberg atoms for the creation of a 1D Rydberg array.
Optical nanofibres are increasingly being used in cold atom experiments due to their versatility and the clear advantages they have when developing all-fibred systems for quantum technologies. They provide researchers with a method of overcoming the Rayleigh range for achieving high intensities in a focussed beam over a relatively long distance, and can act as a noninvasive tool for probing cold atoms. In this review article, we will briefly introduce the theory of mode propagation in an ultrathin optical fibre and highlight some of the more significant theoretical and experimental progresses to date, including the early work on atom probing, manipulation and trapping, the study of atom-dielectric surface interactions, and the more recent observation of nanofibre-mediated nonlinear optics phenomena in atomic media. The functionality of optical nanofibres in relation to the realisation of atom–photon hybrid quantum systems is also becoming more evident as some of the earlier technical challenges are surpassed and, recently, several schemes to implement optical memories have been proposed. We also discuss some possible directions where this research field may head, in particular, in relation to the use of optical nanofibres that can support higher-order modes with an associated orbital angular momentum.
Ultrathin optical fibres integrated into cold atom setups are proving to be ideal building blocks for atom-photon hybrid quantum networks. Such optical nanofibres (ONFs) can be used for the demonstration of nonlinear optics and quantum interference phenomena in atomic media. Here, we report on the observation of multilevel cascaded electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) using an optical nanofibre to interface cold 87 Rb atoms. Intense evanescent fields can be achieved at ultralow probe (780 nm) and coupling (776 nm) powers when the beams propagate through the nanofibre. The observed multipeak transparency spectra of the probe beam could offer a method for simultaneously slowing down multiple wavelengths in an optical nanofibre or for generating ONF-guided entangled beams, showing the potential of such an atom-nanofibre system for quantum information. We also demonstrate all-optical-switching in the all-fibred system using the obtained EIT effect.