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Experimental realization of two qubit teleportation and four bit dense coding

P Sayuj., Ben T Paul, N. C. Randeep

Published Oct 29, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract Quantum teleportation and dense coding are quantum tasks in which an unknown quantum state sends from one location to another in first one and a classical bits sends between two locations in the later. We introduce a quantum circuit for creating generalized Bell states discussed by Gustavo Rigolin (PRA 71, 032303 (2005)). We develop appropriate quantum circuit for realizing two qubits teleportation and four bits dense coding. We experimentally demonstrate these circuits in IBM quantum computer and calculate fidelity of teleportation and efficiency of dense coding.

DOI
10.21203/rs.3.rs-5342223/v1

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Abstract Quantum teleportation and dense coding are quantum tasks in which an unknown quantum state sends from one location to another in first one and a classical bits sends between two locations in the later. We introduce a quantum circuit for creating generalized Bell states discussed by Gustavo Rigolin (PRA 71, 032303 (2005)). We develop appropriate quantum circuit for realizing two qubits teleportation and four bits dense coding. We experimentally demonstrate these circuits in IBM quantum computer and calculate fidelity of teleportation and efficiency of dense coding.
The beauty of the quantum circuit lies in the fact that it can perform certain tasks which are impossible in the classical world. For example, consider teleportation and superdense coding. Teleportation is a quantum task in which an unknown quantum state is transmitted from a sender (Alice) to a spatially separated receiver (Bob) via an entangled quantum channel and with the help of some classical communications. Dense coding is another communication scheme in which if Alice and Bob share a prior entanglement then one of them can send n bits of classical information to the other by communicating m-qubits (m < n). Before we go into the technical details of these two schemes let us try to lucidly visualize the uniqueness of teleportation. Suppose Alice and Bob are spatially separated and Alice wants to send an unknown quantum state |ψ〉 = α|0〉 + β|1〉 to Bob. For some reason she is not allowed to send the state directly through a quantum channel. She cannot measure it and send the information to Bob because the moment she will try to measure the state, it will collapse either to |0〉 or to |1〉. But the state can be sent by using a simple quantum circuit (pre-shared entanglement) and some classical communications. In the process the unknown quantum state gets destroyed at Alice’s end and reappears at Bob’s end. The state never exists in the communication channel. This process is called quantum teleportation. The uniqueness of quantum teleportation will be clearer if we note that the Fax is not an example of teleportation because the original copy remains with the sender. Again a letter posted in a letter box is not an example of teleportation because the letter exists (travels) in its original form in the communication channel. In brief, there is no classical analogue of quantum teleportation. The same is true for dense coding. In this chapter we will describe these two unique quantum communication schemes and discuss their significance and applications.
This chapter takes you on a journey about three remarkable information processing capabilities of quantum systems. We start with one of the simplest procedures by exploring the fundamentally random nature of quantum mechanics as a source of true randomness. Next, the chapter looks at perhaps two exuberant but related procedures called super dense coding and quantum teleportation. In super dense coding, you will learn how it is possible to send two classical bits of information using a single qubit. In quantum teleportation you will learn how the quantum state of a qubit can be recreated by a hybrid classical-quantum information transfer procedure. All algorithms include circuit design for the IBM Quantum Composer as well as Python and QASM code. Results will be gathered for display and analysis, so let’s get started.
This chapter takes you through a journey about three remarkable information processing capabilities of quantum systems. We start with one of the simplest procedures by exploring the fundamentally random nature of quantum mechanics as a source of true randomness. Next, the chapter looks at perhaps two exuberant but related procedures called super dense coding and quantum teleportation. In super dense coding, you will learn how it is possible to send 2 classical bits of information using a single qubit. In quantum teleportation, you will learn how the quantum state of a qubit can be recreated by a hybrid classical-quantum information transfer procedure. All algorithms include circuit design for the IBM Q Experience Composer as well as Python and QASM code. Results will be gathered for display and analysis, so let’s get started.
We firstly propose a simultaneous dense coding protocol with two-photon four-qubit cluster states in which two receivers can simultaneously get their respective classical information sent by a sender. Because each photon has two degrees of freedom, the protocol will achieve a high transmittance. The security of the simultaneous dense coding protocol has also been analyzed. Secondly, we investigate how to simultaneously teleport two different quantum states with polarization and path degree of freedom using cluster states to two receivers, respectively, and discuss its security. The preparation and transmission of two-photon four-qubit cluster states is less difficult than that of four-photon entangled states, and it has been experimentally generated with nearly perfect fidelity and high generation rate. Thus, our protocols are feasible with current quantum techniques.