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Falcon anti-quantum attack scheme based on 8-qubits channel RSP

Kexin Peng, Siyu Du

Published Oct 25, 2024• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract Quantum secure communication is divided into two key branches: quantum teleportation and quantum state remote preparation. The objective of quantum state remote preparation is to leverage classical communication and quantum entanglement for creating known quantum states at remote locations. Given that these known quantum states encompass amplitude coefficients, transmitting them over classical channels poses a security risk. This proposed solution emulates a scenario of three-party controlled remote preparation involving sender Alice, receivers Bob and Charlie, and controller Eve sharing an 8-bit quantum transmission channel. The plan entails preparing a dual quantum transmission channel at Bob and a triple quantum transmission channel at Charlie, followed by employing linear independent measurements and single quantum measurements, respectively. This approach effectively facilitates a positive operation at the receiving end to restore the original quantum state, ensuring secure quantum transmission. Furthermore, the solution integrates the Falcon post-quantum encryption algorithm for identity authentication on the amplitude coefficients, thereby thwarting potential information theft and tampering by malicious third parties. Through security analysis, efficiency comparisons, and validation via quantum simulators and Falcon code experiments, this solution notably enhances the efficiency of quantum state remote preparation while upholding performance integrity on classical channels. By enabling secure transmission on the channel, it enhances resilience against intermediary attacks.

DOI
10.21203/rs.3.rs-5316539/v1

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Abstract Quantum secure communication is divided into two key branches: quantum teleportation and quantum state remote preparation. The objective of quantum state remote preparation is to leverage classical communication and quantum entanglement for creating known quantum states at remote locations. Given that these known quantum states encompass amplitude coefficients, transmitting them over classical channels poses a security risk. This proposed solution emulates a scenario of three-party controlled remote preparation involving sender Alice, receivers Bob and Charlie, and controller Eve sharing an 8-bit quantum transmission channel. The plan entails preparing a dual quantum transmission channel at Bob and a triple quantum transmission channel at Charlie, followed by employing linear independent measurements and single quantum measurements, respectively. This approach effectively facilitates a positive operation at the receiving end to restore the original quantum state, ensuring secure quantum transmission. Furthermore, the solution integrates the Falcon post-quantum encryption algorithm for identity authentication on the amplitude coefficients, thereby thwarting potential information theft and tampering by malicious third parties. Through security analysis, efficiency comparisons, and validation via quantum simulators and Falcon code experiments, this solution notably enhances the efficiency of quantum state remote preparation while upholding performance integrity on classical channels. By enabling secure transmission on the channel, it enhances resilience against intermediary attacks.
A theoretical scheme for alternative and secure direct communication is proposed. The communication is based on controlled quantum teleportation via state. After insuring the security of the quantum channels (a set of qubits in the states), Alice encodes the secret messages directly on a sequence of particle states and transmits them to Bob supported by Charlie, or to Charlie supported by Bob, using controlled quantum teleportation. Bob or Charlie can read out the encoded messages directly by the measurement on his qubits. In this scheme, the controlled quantum teleportation transmits Alice's message without revealing any information to a potential eavesdropper. Because there is no a transmission of the qubits carrying the secret messages between legitimate parties in the public channel, it is completely secure for direct secret communication if perfect quantum channel is used. We also discuss that when one of the three legitimate parties does not cooperate with others because of some reasons, the remaining two persons can still communicate with each other by entanglement purification. The main feature of this scheme is that the communicate between two sides is alternative but depends on the agreement of the third, and more over, the communication between two sides does not suspend with loss of one of three qubits ( i.e., one of the three legitimate parties does not cooperate with others).
We propose a simultaneous quantum secure direct communication scheme between one party and other three parties via four-particle GHZ states and swapping quantum entanglement. In the scheme, three spatially separated senders, Alice, Bob and Charlie, transmit their secret messages to a remote receiver Diana by performing a series of local operations on their respective particles according to the quadripartite stipulation. From Alice, Bob, Charlie and Diana's Bell measurement results, Diana can infer the secret messages. If a perfect quantum channel is used, the secret messages are faithfully transmitted from Alice, Bob and Charlie to Diana via initially shared pairs of four-particle GHZ states without revealing any information to a potential eavesdropper. As there is no transmission of the qubits carrying the secret message in the public channel, it is completely secure for the direct secret communication. This scheme can be considered as a network of communication parties where each party wants to communicate secretly with a central party or server.
Abstract In this study, we propose an encrypted quantum teleportation broadcast scheme using a 6-qubit entangled channel and an encrypted quantum teleportation scheme with a controller via a 7-qubit entangled channel. The quantum state of Alice, to be transmitted, is first encrypted into two distinct states that satisfy certain conditions. As the main sender, Alice designates two agents to transmit encrypted states to two receivers. She shares a 6-qubit entangled state with each party and provides the receivers with a 1-bit classical information containing the chosen encryption. After the agents perform measurements on the corresponding orthogonal bases and send the results to the receivers, each receiver can reconstruct the original state sent by Alice. To enhance security for the receivers, the scheme introduces Alice as a controller. The receivers can reconstruct the original state only if Alice performs a measurement and shares her measurement outcome. The use of encryption ensures that even if an agent’s qubit is intercepted, the actual state remains secure. Alice, as the controller, can also terminate the transmission if a security threat is detected or she change her mind to finish the transmission. The teleportation performance depends on how the qubit is encrypted. For a specific input state used as an example, the protocol obtained a teleportation success probability of 0.9608.
Quantum teleportation relies on pre-existing entanglement, local operations and classical communication to transfer an unknown quantum state. Quantum remote state preparation (QRSP) shares the same objective, but the sender already knows the state to be transmitted. This research introduces an innovative tripartite scheme for QRSP, allowing three users to simultaneously send and receive single-qubit states. The scheme is further extended to accommodate the transmission of states with an arbitrary number of qubits among the users. The protocol's functionality is validated through circuit implementation in the Qiskit library, ensuring its practical feasibility. Additionally, its performance is analyzed in a noisy environment, providing insights into its robustness. The efficiency of the proposed protocols is compared with recent schemes, highlighting their advancements in quantum communication. Compared to previous tripartite RSP schemes, the proposed protocol achieves higher efficiency (η = 0.50), modular scalability, and experimental realizability using standard quantum gates. This study contributes to advancements in multi-user quantum communication, secure quantum cryptography, and quantum networking, paving the way for scalable quantum systems.
We present a controlled quantum teleportation protocol. In the protocol, quantum information of an unknown state of a 2-level particle is faithfully transmitted from a sender Alice to a remote receiver Bob via an initially shared triplet of entangled particles under the control of the supervisor Charlie. The distributed entangled particles shared by Alice, Bob and Charlie function as a quantum information channel for faithful transmission. We also propose a controlled and secure direct communication scheme by means of this teleportation. After ensuring the security of the quantum channel, Alice encodes the secret message directly on a sequence of particle states and transmits them to Bob supervised by Charlie using this controlled quantum teleportation. Bob can read out the encoded message directly by the measurement on his qubit. In this scheme, the controlled quantum teleportation transmits Alice's message without revealing any information to a potential eavesdropper. Because there is not a transmission of the qubit carrying the secret message between Alice and Bob in the public channel, it is completely secure for controlled and direct secret communication if perfect quantum channel is used. The special feature of this scheme is that the communication between two sides depends on the agreement of a third side to co-operate.