Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

International Conference on Numerical Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices (NUSOD)

Analysis of Herladed Single Photon Decoy State Protocol Using Single Photon Detectors for Quantum Secure Imaging

Siddhant Vernekar, Jolly Xavier

Published Sep 23, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Spontaneous parametric down-conversion heralded single photon pairs (HSPS) are utilized in quantum key distribution (QKD) and quantum imaging (QI) experiments. Decoy state methods enhance security in these fields. HSPS is well-suited for integrating QKD protocols, reducing measurement uncertainty, and ensuring secure quantum imaging. This study examines the performance of the HSPS-decoy state method for quantum imaging under various conditions, focusing on secure key rate and Quantum Bit Error Rate (QBER) for free space applications. We specifically investigate the HSPS within the BB84 decoy state protocol for secure quantum imaging in free space. The dark count rate significantly impacts QBER, affecting the maximum tolerable loss. Low-efficiency, low-noise detectors can outperform high-efficiency, high-noise detectors, highlighting the importance of minimizing dark counts for optimal system performance.

DOI
10.1109/nusod62083.2024.10723366

Related papers

Secure quantum imaging with decoy state heralded single photons

Siddhant Vernekar, Jolly Xavier

Weak coherent source (WCS) and spontaneous parametric down converted heralded single photon pairs have found applications in quantum key distribution (QKD) and quantum imaging (QI) experiments. Decoy state methods have also been used to enhance the security for QKD and QI. We study quantum secured imaging with the decoy state heralded single photon source (HSPS). The HSPSs superior performance in low photon number regimes makes it an ideal candidate for integrating quantum key distribution protocols to reduce measurement uncertainty and ensure secure QI. Furthermore, our results also infer the influence of the decoy state WCS, due to its higher operating speed than decoy state HSPS, would be effective in conditions that allow higher mean photon numbers for quantum secured imaging.

arXiv:2402.11675•Feb 18, 2024•1 citation

Heralded Single Photon Source-Based Decoy-State Quantum Key Distribution with Dual Detectors

Yu Feng, Seounghun Lee, Semin Kim +2 more

In practical quantum key distribution (QKD) systems, the heralded single photon source (HSPS) based on parametric down-conversion (PDC) has attracted significant attentions from many researchers because its various advantages compared to the weak coherent source. We propose a heralded single photon source-based decoy-state QKD with dual detectors and demonstrate in a theoretical simulation that this method improves the performance of QKD system. The secure key generation rate is increased significantly with our proposal both in thermal and Poisson distributions of photons. The secure key rate produced by our scheme is higher than the state of the art key rate of current high-speed QKD system. The decoy-state QKD system using the heralded single photon source with dual detectors can be an important alternative for the present practical QKD systems.

Japanese Journal of Applied Physics•May 1, 2010•4 citations

Decoy State Quantum Key Distribution with a Photon Number-Resolved Heralded Single-Photon Source

Takayoshi Kobayashi

Recently, a long-distance and high-key-rate quantum key distribution (QKD) has become possible by the idea of the decoy state method. We show that a longer distance QKD is possible by utilizing a heralded single-photon source (HSPS) utilizing spontaneous parametric down-conversion as a source instead of a weak coherent pulse (WCP) as proposed in the original decoy state method. Moreover, the key rate is improved by utilizing a presently available photon number resolving detector as a trigger detector of the HSPS, and it is shown to approach the key rate of the WCP.

CRC Press eBooks•Oct 15, 2025•0 citations

Quantum Key Generation Rate of Decoy State Quantum Key Distribution with Heralded Single-photon Source

Dongxiao Quan

Quantum key generation rate of decoy state quantum key distribution(QKD) with a heralded single-photon source(HSPS) is deduced.Relationship between quantum key generation rate and detection efficiency of sender is discussed.Optimal intensities and key generation rate of decoy state QKD with a weak coherent pulse(WCP) and an HSPS are analyzed.It shows that key generation rate increases with increase of detection efficiency of sender and its security distance is the same as with a perfect single photon source.Decoy state QKD increases security distance and key rate of QKD.Due to less dark counts QKD with HSPS works longer distance than WCP.

Jisuan wuli•Jan 1, 2009•0 citations

Practical non-orthogonal decoy state quantum key distribution with heralded single photon source

Mi Jing-Long, Wang Fa-Qiang, Lin Qing-Qun +1 more

Recently the performance of the quantum key distribution (QKD) is substantially improved by the decoy state method and the non-orthogonal encoding protocol, separately. In this paper, a practical non-orthogonal decoy state protocol with a heralded single photon source (HSPS) for QKD is presented. The protocol is based on 4 states with different intensities, i.e. one signal state and three decoy states. The signal state is for generating keys; the decoy states are for detecting the eavesdropping and estimating the fraction of single-photon and two-photon pulses. We have discussed three cases of this protocol, i.e. the general case, the optimal case and the special case. Moreover, the final key rate over transmission distance is simulated. For the low dark count of the HSPS and the utilization of the two-photon pulses, our protocol has a higher key rate and a longer transmission distance than any other decoy state protocol.

Chinese Physics B•Apr 1, 2008•11 citations

Theoretical and simulation investigation of practical QKD for both BB84 and SARG04 protocols

Benlahcene Djaouida, Sellami Ali

In this paper, we provide a simple approach for determining the rate of secure key production when single-photon and two-photon pulses are used to generate the secure key. For both BB84 and SARG04, we offer estimation and optimization of decoy-state parameters for a single decoy state protocol and two decoy state protocols. This method can be used to determine the lower bound on the fraction of single-photon counts ([Formula: see text]), the fraction of two-photon counts ([Formula: see text]), the upper bound on the QBER of single-photon pulses ([Formula: see text]), the upper bound on the QBER of two-photon pulses ([Formula: see text]), and the lower bound on the key generation rate for both BB84 and SARG04. Due to the limited data size in real-world experiments, we estimate the statistical fluctuations of several parameters, including the gain and QBER of the signal state, as well as the gain and QBER of the decoy state, which are used to estimate the lower bound of key generation rate. We propose formulae that specify the optimal decoy and signal state percentages and intensities. Then we can determine the maximum and optimal key generation rate. For both SARG04 and BB84, we simulated a free space-based QKD system using our decoy state strategy. The simulation results show that free space-based QKD systems that use the suggested approach for BB84 can achieve a higher secret key rate and a greater safe distance than SARG04-based systems.

International Journal of Quantum Information•Dec 17, 2023•1 citation
Spontaneous parametric down-conversion heralded single photon pairs (HSPS) are utilized in quantum key distribution (QKD) and quantum imaging (QI) experiments. Decoy state methods enhance security in these fields. HSPS is well-suited for integrating QKD protocols, reducing measurement uncertainty, and ensuring secure quantum imaging. This study examines the performance of the HSPS-decoy state method for quantum imaging under various conditions, focusing on secure key rate and Quantum Bit Error Rate (QBER) for free space applications. We specifically investigate the HSPS within the BB84 decoy state protocol for secure quantum imaging in free space. The dark count rate significantly impacts QBER, affecting the maximum tolerable loss. Low-efficiency, low-noise detectors can outperform high-efficiency, high-noise detectors, highlighting the importance of minimizing dark counts for optimal system performance.
Weak coherent source (WCS) and spontaneous parametric down converted heralded single photon pairs have found applications in quantum key distribution (QKD) and quantum imaging (QI) experiments. Decoy state methods have also been used to enhance the security for QKD and QI. We study quantum secured imaging with the decoy state heralded single photon source (HSPS). The HSPSs superior performance in low photon number regimes makes it an ideal candidate for integrating quantum key distribution protocols to reduce measurement uncertainty and ensure secure QI. Furthermore, our results also infer the influence of the decoy state WCS, due to its higher operating speed than decoy state HSPS, would be effective in conditions that allow higher mean photon numbers for quantum secured imaging.
In practical quantum key distribution (QKD) systems, the heralded single photon source (HSPS) based on parametric down-conversion (PDC) has attracted significant attentions from many researchers because its various advantages compared to the weak coherent source. We propose a heralded single photon source-based decoy-state QKD with dual detectors and demonstrate in a theoretical simulation that this method improves the performance of QKD system. The secure key generation rate is increased significantly with our proposal both in thermal and Poisson distributions of photons. The secure key rate produced by our scheme is higher than the state of the art key rate of current high-speed QKD system. The decoy-state QKD system using the heralded single photon source with dual detectors can be an important alternative for the present practical QKD systems.
Recently, a long-distance and high-key-rate quantum key distribution (QKD) has become possible by the idea of the decoy state method. We show that a longer distance QKD is possible by utilizing a heralded single-photon source (HSPS) utilizing spontaneous parametric down-conversion as a source instead of a weak coherent pulse (WCP) as proposed in the original decoy state method. Moreover, the key rate is improved by utilizing a presently available photon number resolving detector as a trigger detector of the HSPS, and it is shown to approach the key rate of the WCP.
Quantum key generation rate of decoy state quantum key distribution(QKD) with a heralded single-photon source(HSPS) is deduced.Relationship between quantum key generation rate and detection efficiency of sender is discussed.Optimal intensities and key generation rate of decoy state QKD with a weak coherent pulse(WCP) and an HSPS are analyzed.It shows that key generation rate increases with increase of detection efficiency of sender and its security distance is the same as with a perfect single photon source.Decoy state QKD increases security distance and key rate of QKD.Due to less dark counts QKD with HSPS works longer distance than WCP.
Recently the performance of the quantum key distribution (QKD) is substantially improved by the decoy state method and the non-orthogonal encoding protocol, separately. In this paper, a practical non-orthogonal decoy state protocol with a heralded single photon source (HSPS) for QKD is presented. The protocol is based on 4 states with different intensities, i.e. one signal state and three decoy states. The signal state is for generating keys; the decoy states are for detecting the eavesdropping and estimating the fraction of single-photon and two-photon pulses. We have discussed three cases of this protocol, i.e. the general case, the optimal case and the special case. Moreover, the final key rate over transmission distance is simulated. For the low dark count of the HSPS and the utilization of the two-photon pulses, our protocol has a higher key rate and a longer transmission distance than any other decoy state protocol.
In this paper, we provide a simple approach for determining the rate of secure key production when single-photon and two-photon pulses are used to generate the secure key. For both BB84 and SARG04, we offer estimation and optimization of decoy-state parameters for a single decoy state protocol and two decoy state protocols. This method can be used to determine the lower bound on the fraction of single-photon counts ([Formula: see text]), the fraction of two-photon counts ([Formula: see text]), the upper bound on the QBER of single-photon pulses ([Formula: see text]), the upper bound on the QBER of two-photon pulses ([Formula: see text]), and the lower bound on the key generation rate for both BB84 and SARG04. Due to the limited data size in real-world experiments, we estimate the statistical fluctuations of several parameters, including the gain and QBER of the signal state, as well as the gain and QBER of the decoy state, which are used to estimate the lower bound of key generation rate. We propose formulae that specify the optimal decoy and signal state percentages and intensities. Then we can determine the maximum and optimal key generation rate. For both SARG04 and BB84, we simulated a free space-based QKD system using our decoy state strategy. The simulation results show that free space-based QKD systems that use the suggested approach for BB84 can achieve a higher secret key rate and a greater safe distance than SARG04-based systems.