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EPJ Web of Conferences

From Matter Waves to Quantum Sensors

Philippe Bouyer

Published Jan 1, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Matter-wave sensors drive versatile interferometers for on-field operations and fundamental exploration, emphasizing enhanced navigation through quantum-classical integration, promising optimized performance and miniaturization. These advancements fuel competitive research in precision metrology, marking a transformative era in scientific exploration and technological innovation.

DOI
10.1051/epjconf/202430702031

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Matter-wave sensors drive versatile interferometers for on-field operations and fundamental exploration, emphasizing enhanced navigation through quantum-classical integration, promising optimized performance and miniaturization. These advancements fuel competitive research in precision metrology, marking a transformative era in scientific exploration and technological innovation.
Quantum sensors have revolutionized the field of precision measurement by exploiting quantum coherence, entanglement, and interference. These sensors offer unprecedented sensitivity in measuring time, magnetic and electric fields, acceleration, and gravitational forces. Recent developments in atomic clocks, nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center magnetometers, and optomechanical devices have shown significant enhancements in performance. This paper explores the fundamental principles behind quantum sensors, key technological advancements, and real-world applications ranging from navigation to medical imaging and gravitational wave detection.
Coherent interaction between matter waves and light is the core of quantum sciences and technologies. In the optical domain, coherent manipulation of quantum states of atoms using light has been employed in applications such as precision metrology, quantum simulation, quantum computing, etc. Miniaturizing technologies of atom-light-based quantum systems for practical applications has been a longstanding goal since their development. However, the diffraction nature of light has limited the scalability of the quantum systems. Highly sensitive light-pulse atom interferometers in free space are tens of centimeters in size and, therefore, they are hardly being used in micro-scale systems for wide applications.
The level of experimental control and the detailed theoretical understanding of matter wave physics have led to a renaissance of experiments testing the very foundations of quantum mechanics and general relativity, as well as to applications in metrology. A variety of interferometric quantum sensors surpasses, or will surpass, the limits of their classical counterparts, for instance in the measurement of frequency and time or forces such as accelerations due to rotation and gravity with applications in basic science, navigation and the search for natural resources. The collection of original articles published in this focus issue of New Journal of Physics is intended as a snapshot of the current research pursued by a number of leading teams working on the development of new matter wave physics, devices and techniques. A number of contributions also stress the close relation between the historic roots of quantum mechanics and aspects of modern quantum information science which are relevant for matter wave physics.
Inertial sensors based on cold atoms and light-pulse interferometry exhibit state-of-the-art sensitivity and ultra-low measurement bias that could revolutionize a variety of fields including geophysics and seismology, gravitational wave detection and fundamental tests of gravity, and inertial navigation. In the latter case, cold-atom interferometers are widely considered as breakthrough technology for future autonomous INSs. Nowadays, absolute quantum inertial sensors are available as commercial and field-deployable devices. Yet, their current size and complexity has not yet reached a technology readiness level compatible with mobile applications or plug-and-play operation by non-specialists. These systems are in desperate need of further development and miniaturization. We will present progress beyond these first experiments while exploring new methods relying on 3D matter-wave manipulation that can lead to interferometer geometries that are simultaneously sensitive to accelerations and rotations in 3D and can discern their vector components within a single measurement. These novel innovations produce additional sensitivity to rotations and gravity gradients which has not yet been exploited experimentally and could be a game changing innovation for future atomic sensors. The ability to measure the full acceleration and rotation vectors with a compact, high-precision, low-bias inertial sensor could strongly impact the fields of inertial navigation, gravity gradiometry, and gyroscopy.
The remarkable success of atom coherent manipulation techniques has motivated competitive research and development in precision metrology. Matter-wave inertial sensors – accelerometers, gyrometers, gravimeters – based on these techniques are all at the forefront of their respective measurement classes. Atom inertial sensors provide nowadays about the best accelerometers and gravimeters and allow, for instance, to make the most precise monitoring of gravity or to device precise tests of the weak equivalence principle (WEP). I present here some recent advances in these fields.