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The European Physical Journal B

Single-photon stimulated emission in waveguide quantum electrodynamics

O. A. Chuikin, Ya. S. Greenberg, Alexander A. Shtygashev, Aleksey G. Moiseev

Published Oct 1, 2024• 5 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1140/epjb/s10051-024-00784-3

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Physical Review Applied•Dec 2, 2022•11 citations
This work is devoted to a theoretical study of the interaction of a quantum three-level ladder system with a continuous electromagnetic field in a one-dimensional open waveguide. We consider a situation closely resembling stimulated emission - the scattering of a single-photon exponential pulse by an excited three-level emitter. Using the real-space formalism, we obtain an analytical expression for the wavefunction of our system. We show that, for the low anharmonicity of a three-level system inherent to a transmon (the most common type of artificial atom), the influence of the third level can have a significant effect on the system's behavior. Namely, the presence of the third level largely suppresses the stimulated emission effect if the relative anharmonicity is lower than ∣αr∣<4%| α_r | < 4\%∣αr​∣<4%. However, for a three-level system, it is possible to obtain correlation effects such as photon bunching in the reflected field, which can also be 'switched off' by tuning the incident photon parameters.
We investigate the stimulated emission of superradiant atoms coupled to a waveguide induced by a coherent-state photon pulse. We provide an analytical result when a short π pulse is incident, which shows that the atoms emit photons coherently into the output pulse, which remains a coherent state in the short pulse limit. An incident pulse is amplified in a phase-preserving manner, where noise is added almost entirely in the phase direction in phase space. This property improves the ratio of the intensity signal to noise after the amplification for sufficiently short pulses. This is a unique feature different from general phase-preserving linear amplifiers, where the signal-to-noise ratio deteriorates in the amplification process. We also discuss the dependence of the photon-emission probability on pulse parameters, such as the pulse area and the duration.