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Workshop on Recent Advances in Photonics (WRAP)

High Extinction Tunable RF Analogues of Electromagnetically Induced Transparency using Brillouin Scattering for Filtering m-QAM Signals

Reena Parihar, Amol Choudhary

Published Dec 7, 2023• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, we proposed a novel approach to realize analogues of electromagnetically induced transmission response in the RF domain, which is also tunable in terms of frequency of operation. The demonstrated filter has been realized using Brillouin scattering and advanced phase engineering. An extinction ratio of 80 dB at a total optical pump power of 13 dBm has been achieved. We transmitted a quadrature amplitude modulated (QAM) signal through the filter and observed the effect on error vector magnitude (EVM).

DOI
10.1109/wrap59682.2023.10712964

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•Sep 16, 2014•0 citations
In this paper, we proposed a novel approach to realize analogues of electromagnetically induced transmission response in the RF domain, which is also tunable in terms of frequency of operation. The demonstrated filter has been realized using Brillouin scattering and advanced phase engineering. An extinction ratio of 80 dB at a total optical pump power of 13 dBm has been achieved. We transmitted a quadrature amplitude modulated (QAM) signal through the filter and observed the effect on error vector magnitude (EVM).
The constructive/destructive quantum interference due to coherent interaction between multi-level atoms generates electromagnetic induced absorption/transparency (EIA/EIT) [1]. EIT has a transparent spectral window in the absorption spectra, and EIA has a narrow absorption window in the transmission spectra. EIA/EIT has been demonstrated in atomic systems [2], [3], and analogue filter responses have also been demonstrated using stimulated Brillouin scattering [4], [5]. In this paper, we present a method to generate switchable EIA/EIT-like RF filters using Brillouin-induced loss tailoring. Flexible filter shaping enables highly versatile responses with tunable bandwidths and central frequencies which can have applications in wireless signal processing and RADARs.
Abstract Electromagnetically induced transparency/absorption (EIT/EIA) tailor the amplitude and phase response of an absorption resonance to create large dispersion, which has been exploited for applications in slow- and fast-light, and quantum information science. Since EIA enhances (induces) absorption of an already existing absorption (transmission) profile, it leads to a significant reduction in output signal power. Induction of a narrow absorption feature within a gain resonance can compensate for the signal loss while creating large dispersion at the EIA feature frequency. However, the demonstration of an analogue of EIA exploiting gain resonances has remained elusive. Here, we exploit coherent interaction between the Brillouin gain resonances in orthogonal polarization states to demonstrate controlled excitation of an analogue of EIA over microwave frequency range of 2.5–43 GHz. We induce a narrow absorption feature (~6 MHz), with controllable depth and frequency, within Brillouin gain resonance, demonstrating a novel technique for microwave photonic processing.
Wideband excitation and control of Fano resonance and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), both of which rely on coherent interaction between two excitation paths, is challenging. It requires precise control and tuning of interacting resonances or coupling between different resonant structures over a wide frequency range. Gain (Stokes) and absorption (anti-Stokes) resonances associated with the stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) process can be excited and controlled over a wide frequency range by tuning the pump frequency, its power and profile. We exploit coherent interaction between the Brillouin Stokes and anti-Stokes resonance, in radio frequency domain, to demonstrate Fano and EIT-like resonance over a wide frequency range and control their shape and strength optically and electrically. For the Fano resonance, the asymmetry and polarity are electrically controlled over an unprecedented frequency range (100 MHz-43 GHz) by varying the bias to the intensity modulator whereas, the strength is varied by tuning the Brillouin pump power and/or the bias. The depth and 3 dB linewidth of the transparency window in the EIT-like resonance are controlled using pump and probe parameters. The flexibility of the SBS process that allows wideband electrical and optical control of Fano and EIT-like resonance opens up the potential for applications that range from low-power switching, sensing to tunable RF delay.
In this work, a combination of gaseous plasma media and metamaterials is employed to achieve active control of electromagnetic waves in the microwave regime for realizing an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) response. A reconfigurable plasma device integrated with metallic resonators is investigated, in which the ionization state of the enclosed gas is controlled for active modulation of the coupling conditions. Strong reflection is observed in the frequency range of 2.17-2.61 GHz (at −1 dB), while a high quality factor (Q), a sharp transmission band is obtained at 2.45 GHz with a bandwidth of 33 MHz (fractional bandwidth of 1.35%), corresponding to a quality factor of approximately 74.2. This approach demonstrates a promising pathway toward the development of real-time and tunable devices based on EIT principles.
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is generation of a narrow window in which electromagnetic field absorption is inhibited. Experimentally, a probe tuned to a certain absorption wavelength is allowed to transmit through a gaseous vapor only in the presence of a second control laser. In other words, a probe is forbidden to cause an excitation from one energy level to another through coherent coupling with a third, intermediate energy level that creates an interference pathway. In this study, Brillouin scattering analogue of EIT is demonstrated using the two optical modes that are coupled through a phase matched acoustic mode. The coherent coupling of two energy levels is emulated by the acousto-optic interaction of Brillouin scattering. The probe phase response is analyzed to estimate BSIT's effect on the velocity of light pulse. As BSIT modifies the dispersion of light, it is understood as either slowing or advancing light propagation depending on the sign of the slope of the probe phase response. Lastly, the non-reciprocity of Brillouin scattering is theoretically considered. The non-reciprocity, or a break in time reversal symmetry, is a unique property of Brillouin scattering process due to the traveling surface acoustic wave which is used for phase matching the optical modes. Therefore, BSIT can be used for applications such as optical isolation while no other transparency systems can.