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Bi-chromatic intensity squeezing using four-wave mixing in ⁸⁵Rb vapor

Ziqi Niu, Jianming Wen, Chuanwei Zhang, Shengwang Du, Irina V. Novikova

Published Oct 17, 2024• 0 citations
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Abstract

We experimentally investigate four-wave mixing (FWM) in a diamond interaction scheme using ⁸⁵Rb vapor, and identify the optimal conditions for joint amplification and relative intensity squeezing of two optical fields: one near the ⁸⁵Rb D1 optical transition (λ = 794.6 nm) and the other in the telecom O-band (λ = 1324 nm). We achieved a reduction of relative intensity noise by up to 2.6 ± 0.4 dB compared to the shot noise level, signi- fying the non-classical quantum correlations. The ob- served level of intensity squeezing is primarily limited by the available pump laser power, which constrains the achievable FWM gain. Numerical simulations show good agreement with the experimental results.

DOI
10.1364/opticaopen.27226803.v1

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We experimentally investigate four-wave mixing (FWM) in a diamond interaction scheme using ⁸⁵Rb vapor, and identify the optimal conditions for joint amplification and relative intensity squeezing of two optical fields: one near the ⁸⁵Rb D1 optical transition (λ = 794.6 nm) and the other in the telecom O-band (λ = 1324 nm). We achieved a reduction of relative intensity noise by up to 2.6 ± 0.4 dB compared to the shot noise level, signi- fying the non-classical quantum correlations. The ob- served level of intensity squeezing is primarily limited by the available pump laser power, which constrains the achievable FWM gain. Numerical simulations show good agreement with the experimental results.
We experimentally investigate four-wave mixing (FWM) in a diamond interaction scheme using ⁸⁵Rb vapor, and identify the optimal conditions for joint amplification and relative intensity squeezing of two optical fields: one near the ⁸⁵Rb D1 optical transition (λ = 794.6 nm) and the other in the telecom O-band (λ = 1324 nm). We achieved a reduction of relative intensity noise by up to 2.6 ± 0.4 dB compared to the shot noise level, signi- fying the non-classical quantum correlations. The ob- served level of intensity squeezing is primarily limited by the available pump laser power, which constrains the achievable FWM gain. Numerical simulations show good agreement with the experimental results.
We optimize the strength of the Four-Wave Mixing (FWM) in warm 85Rb atoms in a double-ladder scheme to identify the optimal conditions for generating the bi-chromatic intensity squeezing. By optimizing the experimental parameters, such as laser frequency and intensity, cell temperature, beam geometry, etc., we achieved FWM gain up to 1.92 with only modest resonant optical losses, and observed some preliminary evidence of the noise correlations between the amplified probe and generated stokes optical field.
Four-wave mixing near resonance in an atomic vapor can produce relative intensity squeezed light suitable for precision measurements beyond the shot-noise limit. We develop an analytic distributed gain/loss model to describe the competition of mixing and absorption through the non-linear medium. Using a novel matrix calculus, we present closed-form expressions for the degree of relative intensity squeezing produced by this system. We use these theoretical results to analyze experimentally measured squeezing from a 85Rb vapor and demonstrate the analytic model's utility as an experimental diagnostic.
It has been recently demonstrated (Opt. Lett. 32 p178, 2007) that relative intensity squeezed light beams can be produced by non-degenerate four-wave mixing (4WM) in rubidium vapour. Using a system based on the lambda-structure of the 5S ground state of Rb, they obtained noise reduction of −7.1 dB below the standard quantum limit. We present a new scheme using the cascade 5S-5P-5D levels of Rb, which should achieve strong relative intensity squeezing at low Fourier frequency and low (~10mW) laser power.