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Physical review. B./Physical review. B

Long-distance entanglement via magnon-induced Brillouin light scattering

Nan Wang, Shiyan Li, Lin Yu, Ai‐Dong Zhu

Published Oct 15, 2024• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a scheme for achieving long-distance entanglement between an optomagnonics system, consisting of a ferromagnetic yttrium iron garnet sphere, and a spatially separated Fabry-P\'erot cavity, based on magnon-induced Brillouin light scattering. In this scheme, the establishment of nonlocal entanglement relies on two conditions: the triple-resonance condition determined by Brillouin light scattering and the parametric-type interaction between the magnon and photon modes. Consequently, precise control over the activation and deactivation of quantum entanglement can be achieved through manipulation of polarization and frequency of the pump field, effectively functioning as a unilateral `switch' for quantum channels. Specifically, when exciting the ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}^{+}$-polarized transverse magnetic mode, even under a weak bias magnetic field that induces a low-frequency magnon, long-distance entanglement reaches its peak as long as the triple-resonance condition is matched. This feature is significant for mitigating strong magnetic interference among integrated elements. Conversely, pumping to $\ensuremath{\pi}$-polarized transverse electric mode leads to disruption of entanglement. Furthermore, one-way quantum steering enables the party holding magnons to unilaterally control the spatially separated party of Fabry-P\'erot cavity. This pump modulation scheme offers an effective approach for establishing quantum correlations between materials across frequency domains and spatial distances.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.110.144424

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Optics Letters•Nov 11, 2024•4 citations
We propose a scheme for achieving long-distance entanglement between an optomagnonics system, consisting of a ferromagnetic yttrium iron garnet sphere, and a spatially separated Fabry-P'erot cavity, based on magnon-induced Brillouin light scattering. In this scheme, the establishment of nonlocal entanglement relies on two conditions: the triple-resonance condition determined by Brillouin light scattering and the parametric-type interaction between the magnon and photon modes. Consequently, precise control over the activation and deactivation of quantum entanglement can be achieved through manipulation of polarization and frequency of the pump field, effectively functioning as a unilateral `switch' for quantum channels. Specifically, when exciting the \ensuremathσ+{\ensuremath{\sigma}}^{+}\ensuremathσ+-polarized transverse magnetic mode, even under a weak bias magnetic field that induces a low-frequency magnon, long-distance entanglement reaches its peak as long as the triple-resonance condition is matched. This feature is significant for mitigating strong magnetic interference among integrated elements. Conversely, pumping to \ensuremathπ\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremathπ-polarized transverse electric mode leads to disruption of entanglement. Furthermore, one-way quantum steering enables the party holding magnons to unilaterally control the spatially separated party of Fabry-P'erot cavity. This pump modulation scheme offers an effective approach for establishing quantum correlations between materials across frequency domains and spatial distances.
Recent studies show that hybrid quantum systems based on magnonics provide a new and promising platform for generating macroscopic quantum states involving a large number of spins. Here, we show how to entangle two magnon modes in two massive yttrium-iron-garnet (YIG) spheres using cavity optomagnonics, where magnons couple to high-quality optical whispering gallery modes supported by the YIG sphere. The spheres can be as large as 1 mm in diameter and each sphere contains more than 1018{10}^{18}1018 spins. The proposal is based on the asymmetry of the Stokes and anti-Stokes sidebands generated by the magnon-induced Brillouin light scattering in cavity optomagnonics. This allows one to utilize the Stokes and anti-Stokes scattering process, respectively, for generating and verifying the entanglement. Our work indicates that cavity optomagnonics could be a promising system for preparing macroscopic quantum states.
The optomagnonic coupling between magnons and optical photons is an essential component for building remote quantum networks based on magnonics. Here we show that such a coupling, manifested as the magnon-induced Brillouin light scattering, can be exploited to entangle two propagating optical fields. The protocol employs two pairs of the whispering gallery modes coupled to the same magnon mode in a YIG sphere. In each pair a strong pump field is applied to activate either Stokes or anti-Stokes scattering. Due to the magnon mode involving in the two scattering processes and as a mediation, Stokes and anti-Stokes photons of different polarizations get entangled. The entanglement can be extracted by filtering the travelling output fields centered at the Stokes and anti-Stokes sidebands. Optimal conditions are identified under which strong output entanglement can be achieved.
We theoretically propose an optical polarization-state engineering based on a cavity optomagnonic platform in the full quantum regime. Here, the optomagnonic interaction can be realized in an yttrium iron garnet (YIG) sphere, which supports both two traveling-photon modes with orthogonal linear polarizations [i.e., horizontally (HHH-) and vertically (VVV-) polarized photon modes] and a Kittel magnon mode. In our scheme, the magnons mediate the photons during polarization conversions, and break the time-reversal symmetry in mutual interconversions. Through a triple resonance between the magnon mode, HHH-polarized, and VVV-polarized photon modes within the YIG optomagnonic cavity, we demonstrate an all-optical scheme to manipulate the optical polarization behaviors by adjusting an external driving laser, finding that the polarization states of the output light can be well mapped to the whole Poincar\'e sphere and a large polarization rotation of the output light with photon antibunching and superbunching can be achieved easily for a range of realistic parameters. We find the strong discrepancy in the polarization response between the exact numerical calculation using the full quantum master equation and the semiclassical approximation. In addition, we reveal the magnon-induced broken time-reversal symmetry, which connects the quantum cavity optomagnonics to the classical magneto-optical effect. Our obtained results have potential application in quantum polarization-state engineering, and also offer a further understanding for cavity optomagnonics at the quantum level.
We theoretically investigate a scheme to entangle two squeezed magnon modes in a double cavitymagnon system, where both cavities are driven by a two-mode squeezed vacuum microwave field. Each cavity contains an optical parametric amplifier as well as a macroscopic yttrium iron garnet (YIG) sphere placed near the maximum bias magnetic fields such that this leads to the excitation of the relevant magnon mode and its coupling with the corresponding cavity mode. We have obtained optimal parameter regimes for achieving the strong magnon-magnon entanglement and also studied the effectiveness of this scheme towards the mismatch of both the cavity-magnon couplings and decay parameters. We have also explored the entanglement transfer efficiency including Gaussian quantum steering in our proposed system
We propose a scheme for realizing nonreciprocal bipartite and tripartite entanglement in a hybrid cavity optomagnonic system. The system consists of a tunable Fabry-Perot (FP) cavity and a microwave cavity, an yttrium iron garnet slab (YIG1) and a rotating yttrium iron garnet sphere (YIG2). The magnon modes in both YIG1 and YIG2 are strongly coupled to the microwave cavity mode, and the magnon mode in YIG1 also has a three-mode resonant interaction with the optical modes in the FP cavity. The Barnett effect causes a frequency shift of the magnon mode in YIG2. By reversing the external bias magnetic field of YIG2 to control the sign of the Barnett frequency shift, one can not only switch the entanglement partner of the optical mode between the magnon and microwave modes, but also achieve perfect on-off control of bipartite optical-microwave entanglement and tripartite optical-magnon-microwave entanglement. The study presents a flexible control scheme to realize nonreciprocal bipartite and tripartite entanglement in quantum nodes that integrate diverse physical systems such as optics, magnons, and microwaves, and may have potential applications in entanglement-based quantum networks.
We propose a scheme to generate nonreciprocal entanglement and one-way steering between two distant ferrimagnetic microspheres in waveguide electromagnonics, where the magnon modes of two yttrium iron garnet (YIG) spheres are simultaneously coupled to each other through coherent and dissipative interactions. By matching the coherent interaction with its corresponding dissipative counterpart, unidirectional coupling between two magnon modes can be realized, and then in the presence of significant Kerr nonlinearities, we can obtain strong entanglement and one-way steering. Depending on the direction of the microwave propagation, the long-distance entanglement and steering can be generated nonreciprocally. Our work presents a novel, to the best of our knowledge, approach for generating nonreciprocal quantum correlations, which may find potential applications in chiral quantum networking.