Metasurfaces present novel prospects for compacted quantum technologies by providing precise manipulation of amplitude, phase, and polarization of the incident light. Utilizing the advanced polarization control and multiplexing capabilities of metasurfaces, the capacity for detecting and processing quantum information can be enhanced. In this work, we optimize metasurface fabrication using electron-beam lithography and develop a custom SEM image recognition program for precise structure assessment and improved imaging quality. We achieve holographic imaging under quantum state incidence, enabling the reconstruction of quantum state information from the resulting meta-holography.
Metasurfaces present novel prospects for compacted quantum technologies by providing precise manipulation of amplitude, phase, and polarization of the incident light. Utilizing the advanced polarization control and multiplexing capabilities of metasurfaces, the capacity for detecting and processing quantum information can be enhanced. In this work, we optimize metasurface fabrication using electron-beam lithography and develop a custom SEM image recognition program for precise structure assessment and improved imaging quality. We achieve holographic imaging under quantum state incidence, enabling the reconstruction of quantum state information from the resulting meta-holography.
Metasurface holography has great application potential in the fields of optical display, optical storage, and security. Traditional metasurface holography uses the well-designed subwavelength structure to modulate the incident laser beam. Although many researches about laser metasurface holography have been realized, metasurface holography based on quantum light sources is rare. Here, we realized quantum metasurface holography through single-photon and multichannel polarization multiplexing metasurfaces, and we compared the quantum results with laser results. Our work proves that quantum light sources can be well modulated by the subwavelength structure of integrated metasurfaces and extend both fields of metasurfaces and quantum optics. This result shows that metasurfaces have the potential for use in various quantum devices to reduce the size of quantum devices, improve quantum efficiency, and enhance practicability, reliability, and accuracy.
Manipulating photoluminescence from solid-state quantum emitters (QEs) on demand is of central importance for advanced quantum nanophotonic technologies. In comparison with conventional free-space approaches relying on bulky optical components, emitter-integrated metasurfaces provide a compact and efficient route for shaping photon emission directly at the source. Recent progress has established a common platform in which QE-excited surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are transformed by surrounding metasurfaces into free-space radiation with tailored propagation direction, polarization state, relative intensity, and spatial structure. This review highlights two complementary strategies that have recently been utilized for shaping quantum emission. The first is emitter-coupled meta-optics, which enables versatile photon sources with arbitrary polarization states, off-normal directionality, and multichannel emission by means of phase-engineered anisotropic meta-atoms. The second is vectorial scattering holography, including multiplexed implementations, which allows direct reconstruction of arbitrarily structured and polarization-multiplexed emission from individual nanodiamonds. Together, these approaches unlock unprecedented degrees of freedom for nanoscale light shaping and provide a promising route toward scalable quantum photonic devices and high-capacity information processing.
Metasurfaces can precisely manipulate the amplitude, phase, and polarization of incident light through subwavelength structures, greatly advancing the quantum meta-holographic imaging. However, the current methods of using quantum holography only control either the amplitude or the phase on the imaging plane, so the resulted scalar holography without the polarization distribution has limited imaging channels. Here, the vectorial meta-holography using entangled signal-idler photon pairs is experimentally demonstrated to realize remotely controlled multi-channel quantum imaging. By simultaneous control of the amplitude ratio between two cross-polarization holographic images and their phase difference on the image plane, the polarization distribution accordingly changes with the incident polarization state. The accurate correspondence ensures the correct reconstruction of 32 incident polarization states with an average fidelity up to 94.78%. This enables entangled idler photons to remotely control the holographic images reconstructed by the entangled signal photons, where the signal-to-noise ratio is as high as 10.78 dB, even for maximally mixed quantum states. This vectorial meta-holography using entangled states has a larger polarization state information capacity and will facilitate miniaturized quantum imaging and efficient quantum state tomography.
Quantum imaging leverages entanglement and photon correlations to surpass classical limits in resolution and noise performance. However, its practical deployment is constrained by bulky optical setups and limited system adaptability. Metasurfaces—ultrathin, subwavelength-structured devices—offer a compact and reconfigurable solution for wavefront control in quantum light fields. This review presents recent advances in geometric-, propagation-, and hybrid-phase metasurface designs, showcasing their contributions to enhanced spatial resolution, improved visibility, and system miniaturization across applications such as ghost imaging, quantum holography, and single-photon microscopy. It also examines key challenges—including photon loss, fabrication-induced phase noise, and the lack of dynamic tunability—while outlining future directions for developing integrated, noise-resilient, and task-specific quantum imaging platforms.
This study investigates quantum holography, emphasizing its capability to conduct holographic imaging without the requirement for first-order coherence—a limitation of classical physics. By harnessing quantum entanglement, where image data is embedded in the phase correlation of polarization-entangled photon pairs and spread across the transverse spatial dimension, quantum holography enhances imaging performance. This technique not only improves resolution for polarization-sensitive phase objects but also provides resilience against stochastic phase fluctuations and uncontrolled ambient light, offering significant tangible benefits compared to conventional holography. Additionally, its integration with quantum tomography enables precise analysis of multi-dimensional hyper-entangled states, advancing quantum state analysis. Although current challenges remain, such as extended acquisition times due to technological constraints, ongoing advancements in faster, more affordable sensors are expected to address these issues. As a result, quantum holography is poised to have broad applications in biological imaging, sensing, and the exploration of complex high-dimensional quantum states. These developments position quantum holography as a crucial technology in the future of quantum optical communication and information processing, driving innovation and opening new avenues in these fields.
Metasurfaces based on resonant nanophotonic structures have enabled innovative types of flat-optics devices that often outperform the capabilities of bulk components, yet these advances remain largely unexplored for quantum applications. We show that nonclassical multiphoton interferences can be achieved at the subwavelength scale in all-dielectric metasurfaces. We simultaneously image multiple projections of quantum states with a single metasurface, enabling a robust reconstruction of amplitude, phase, coherence, and entanglement of multiphoton polarization-encoded states. One- and two-photon states are reconstructed through nonlocal photon correlation measurements with polarization-insensitive click detectors positioned after the metasurface, and the scalability to higher photon numbers is established theoretically. Our work illustrates the feasibility of ultrathin quantum metadevices for the manipulation and measurement of multiphoton quantum states, with applications in free-space quantum imaging and communications.