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Optics and Spectroscopy

Autler–Townes Effect of Autoionization Transition at Laser Separation of Lutetium Isotopes

Aleksei B D'yachkov, Aleksei A. Gorkunov, С. К. Ковалевич, Anton V. Labozin, Valerii A Firsov, Sergey V. Fomichev, Gleb O. Tsvetkov, Vladislav Ya. Panchenko

Published Apr 1, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The splitting of the transition from a discrete to an autoionization state, used in a three-step photoionization scheme of lutetium 5d6s2 2D3/2–5d6s6p $${}^{4}F_{{5/2}}^{^\circ }$$ –5d6s7s 4D3/2–(53375 cm–1) $$_{{1/2}}^{^\circ }$$ has been studied. The splitting is proportional to the square root of the intensity, which corresponds to the Autler–Townes effect.

DOI
10.1134/s0030400x24040052

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The splitting of the transition from a discrete to an autoionization state, used in a three-step photoionization scheme of lutetium 5d6s2 2D3/2–5d6s6p 4F5/2∘{}^{4}F_{{5/2}}^{^\circ }4F5/2∘​ –5d6s7s 4D3/2–(53375 cm–1) 1/2∘_{{1/2}}^{^\circ }1/2∘​ has been studied. The splitting is proportional to the square root of the intensity, which corresponds to the Autler–Townes effect.
The photoionization spectrum in the second step of the three-step lutetium photoionization scheme 5d6s2 2D3/2 – 5d6s6p4 F5/2oF_{{5/2}}^{{\text{o}}}F5/2o​ – 5d6s7s4D3/2 – (53 375 cm–1 )1/2o)_{{1/2}}^{{\text{o}}})1/2o​ has been measured. The effect of two-photon transitions has been studied experimentally compared to one-photon transitions.
Photoelectron energy spectra resulting from two-photon ionization of calcium atoms by 180 fs pulses have been studied as a function of wavelength (380--405 nm) and intensity ( $9\ensuremath{-}900\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{GW}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$). When the wavelength is tuned near the $4s\ensuremath{\rightarrow}4p$ or $4s\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5s$ ionic core transition, the photoelectron peaks display a characteristic splitting proportional to the field strength and assignable to a two-electron continuum-continuum Autler-Townes effect. Spectra obtained by an essential-state model involving three coupled continua are compared to the experiment.
The authors describe measurements of the Autler-Townes splitting in optical transitions in uranium using pulsed lasers in a double optical resonance experiment. These measurements give absolute values for transition strengths. Although the resolution of the experiments is insufficient to show explicitly either the magnetic degeneracy of the levels, or the quantum mechanical oscillations which arise from the pulse shape, theoretical analysis shows that both these effects contribute significantly to the observed lineshapes. Separate experiments in which a third laser was used to ionize the uranium through an autoionizing level were also performed and a fit to the ion yield as a function of laser intensities provides confirmation of the coupling strengths derived from the double optical resonance experiments.
The hyperfine structure of transitions in the three-step scheme 5d6s22D3/2–5d6s6p4F 5/2∘_{{5/2}}^{^\circ }5/2∘​ –5d6s7s4D3/2– (53 375 cm–1) 1/2∘_{{1/2}}^{^\circ }1/2∘​ of lutetium ionization is studied for 175Lu, 176Lu, and 177Lu isotopes using the photoionization laser spectroscopy method. Values of the magnetic dipole (A) and electric quadrupole (B) interaction constants are determined, as well as the energies, the isotope shifts, and the radiative lifetimes for the 5d6s7s4D3/2 and (53 375 cm–1) 1/2∘_{{1/2}}^{^\circ }1/2∘​ levels.