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Quantum Electronics

The Autler – Townes effect, the Rabi frequency, and determination of characteristics of the decay of excited states in the photoionisation scheme of lutetium

Aleksei B D'yachkov, Aleksei A. Gorkunov, Anton V. Labozin, Sergei M. Mironov, Valerii A Firsov, Gleb O. Tsvetkov, Vladislav Ya. Panchenko

Published Mar 30, 2022• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract The splitting of the first and second transitions in the lutetium photoionisation scheme is studied in a wide range of laser radiation intensities, and the Rabi frequencies as functions of the radiation intensity are determined. Based on the results, we have obtained the decay branching coefficients of 0.54 and 0.41 for the first and second transitions, respectively.

DOI
10.1070/qel18029

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Abstract The splitting of the first and second transitions in the lutetium photoionisation scheme is studied in a wide range of laser radiation intensities, and the Rabi frequencies as functions of the radiation intensity are determined. Based on the results, we have obtained the decay branching coefficients of 0.54 and 0.41 for the first and second transitions, respectively.
The splitting of the transition from a discrete to an autoionization state, used in a three-step photoionization scheme of lutetium 5d6s2 2D3/2–5d6s6p 4F5/2∘{}^{4}F_{{5/2}}^{^\circ }4F5/2∘​ –5d6s7s 4D3/2–(53375 cm–1) 1/2∘_{{1/2}}^{^\circ }1/2∘​ has been studied. The splitting is proportional to the square root of the intensity, which corresponds to the Autler–Townes effect.
The Autler-Townes effect due to near resonance transition between 4s-4p states in potassium atoms is mapped out in the photo-electron-momentum distribution and manifests itself as a splitting in the photo-electron kinetic energy spectra. The energy splitting fits well with the calculated Rabi frequency at low laser intensities and shows clear deviation at laser intensities above 1.5x10^11 W/cm^2. An effective Rabi frequency formulae including the ionization process explains the observed results. Our results reveal the possibility to tune the effective coupling strength with the cost of the number of level-populations.
Theoretical analysis of the Autler-Townes splitting pattern in a three-level cascade excitation of a Doppler-broadened sample reveals that the observed Autler-Townes splitting is not only a function of the coupling-laser Rabi frequency, as in the homogeneously broadened case, but can also strongly depend on the wavenumber ratio of the coupling and probe lasers. Utilizing a steady-state density matrix formalism, we derive exact expressions for the populations of the intermediate and upper levels for a homogeneously broadened system. In the limit of a weak probe field, analytical expressions for Doppler-broadened excitation spectra from the intermediate and upper levels are derived. Using these expressions, we investigate the critical role of Doppler broadening on the observation of Autler-Townes splitting and its asymptotic behavior as a function of the coupling Rabi frequency for counterpropagating and copropagating configurations for different wavenumber ratios of the lasers.
A theory is developed of multistage isotopically selective ionisation of ytterbium ions. This theory is based on the rate equations for the level populations and on the transfer equation for the laser line intensities. An analysis of the time characteristics of multistage photoionisation is used to find the optimal laser radiation intensities for different ionisation stages. A multilevel model of multistage photoionisation developed for a natural mixture of isotopes is used to identify the ranges of wavelengths where the photoionisation selectivity is the highest. A mechanism of degradation of a short but powerful laser pulse is considered and the length of an efficiently excited medium is found.
Autler—Townes splitting in absorption spectra of the excited states 6 2 P 3/2 –8 2 S 1/2 of cold cesium atoms confined in a magneto-optical trap has been observed. Experimental data of the Autler—Townes splitting fit well to the dressed-atom theory, by which the fact of the cold atoms dressed by cooling/trapping laser beams is revealed. The results of the theoretical fitting with experiment not only told us the effective Rabi frequency cold atoms experienced, but also could be used for measuring the probability amplitudes of the dressed states.