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Telecom-to-Visible Frequency Conversion in a SiN Microresonator

Sidarth Raghunathan, Richard C. Oliver, Yun Peng Zhao, Karl J. McNulty, Michal F. Lipson, Alexander L. Gaeta

Published Jan 1, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate frequency conversion between 1283 nm and 705 nm using Bragg scattering four-wave mixing in a microresonator, which represents the largest frequency span demonstrated. Our noise measurements suggest it is suitable for quantum applications.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_fs.2024.fw3k.4

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Quantum frequency conversion (QFC) between the visible and telecom is a key to connect quantum memories in fiber-based quantum networks. Current methods for linking such widely separated frequencies, such as sum/difference frequency generation and four-wave mixing Bragg scattering, are prone to broadband noise generated by the pump laser(s). To address this issue, we propose to use third-order sum/difference frequency generation (TSFG/TDFG) for an upconversion/downconversion QFC interface. In this process, two long wavelength pump photons combine their energy and momentum to mediate frequency conversion across the large spectral gap between the visible and telecom bands, which is particularly beneficial from the noise perspective. We show that waveguide-coupled silicon nitride microring resonators can be designed for efficient QFC between 606 and 1550 nm via a 1990 nm pump through TSFG/TDFG. We simulate the device dispersion and coupling, and from the simulated parameters, estimate that the frequency conversion can be efficient (>80%{\gt}80 \%>80%) at 50 mW pump power. Our results suggest that microresonator TSFG/TDFG is promising for compact, scalable, and low-power QFC across large spectral gaps.
We describe a chip-scale, telecommunications-band frequency conversion interface designed for low-noise operation at wavelengths desirable for common single photon emitters. Four-wave-mixing Bragg scattering in silicon nitride waveguides is used to demonstrate frequency upconversion and downconversion between the 980 nm and 1550 nm wavelength regions, with signal-to-background levels > 10 and conversion efficiency of ≈ -60 dB at low continuous wave input pump powers (< 50 mW). Finite element simulations and the split-step Fourier method indicate that increased input powers of ≈ 10 W (produced by amplified nanosecond pulses, for example) will result in a conversion efficiency > 25 % in existing geometries. Finally, we present waveguide designs that can be used to connect shorter wavelength (637 nm to 852 nm) quantum emitters with 1550 nm.