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Entanglement-induced collective many-body interference

Tommaso Faleo, E. Brunner, Jonathan W. Webb, Alexander Pickston, Joseph Ho, Gregor Weihs, Andreas Buchleitner, Christoph Dittel, Gabriel Dufour, Alessandro Fedrizzi, Robert Keil

Published Jan 1, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We introduce a novel quantum phenomenon combining entanglement and many-body interference, enabling the observation of N-particle interference while suppressing lower-order interferences. A four-photon experiment demonstrates high-visibility (nonlocal) interference patterns based on a collective four-particle phase.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_fs.2024.fm1k.7

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Entanglement and interference are both hallmark effects of quantum physics. Particularly rich dynamics arise when multiple (at least partially) indistinguishable particles are subjected to either of these phenomena. By combining both entanglement and many-particle interference, we propose an interferometric setting through which N -particle interference can be observed, while any interference of lower orders is strictly suppressed. We experimentally demonstrate this effect in a four-photon interferometer, where the interference is nonlocal, in principle, as only pairs of photons interfere at two separate and independent beam splitters. A joint detection of all four photons identifies a high-visibility interference pattern varying as a function of their collective four-particle phase, a genuine four-body property.
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The phenomenon of matter-wave interference lies at the heart of quantum physics. It has been observed in various contexts in the limit of non-interacting particles as a single-particle effect. Here we observe and control matter-wave interference whose evolution is driven by interparticle interactions. In a multi-path matter-wave interferometer, the macroscopic many-body wave function of an interacting atomic Bose–Einstein condensate develops a regular interference pattern, allowing us to detect and directly visualize the effect of interaction-induced phase shifts. We demonstrate control over the phase evolution by inhibiting interaction-induced dephasing and by refocusing a dephased macroscopic matter wave in a spin-echo-type experiment. Our results show that interactions in a many-body system lead to a surprisingly coherent evolution, possibly enabling narrow-band and high-brightness matter-wave interferometers based on atom lasers.