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The Rochester Conferences on Coherence and Quantum Optics and the Quantum Information and Measurement meeting

Collective Entangled Dark States

Hideomi Nihira, Carlos R. Stroud

Published Jan 1, 2007• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We describe a type of collective entangled dark state which exists when a group of many-level atoms interact simultaneously with both high-Q cavity modes and free space modes of the electromagnetic field.
DOI
10.1364/cqo.2007.jwc24

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We describe a type of collective entangled dark state which exists when a group of many-level atoms interact simultaneously with both high-Q cavity modes and free space modes of the electromagnetic field. As an example we describe a collection of atoms with a level structure of the form of and show that there are states of this system in which the atoms remain trapped in a collective coherent superposition of ground state levels in spite of the presence of photons in resonant field modes. Efficient methods of generalization of these results to other atomic level structures and cavity fields are described.
An ensemble of identical two level atoms in dark state neither adsorbs nor emits photons due to destructive interference. Dark states have numerous applications. It can be used for the source of energy for nano-devices; the space of dark states is decoherence free and can serve as the carrier for the fault tolerant quantum computations, etc. Since a dark state does not interact with the electromagnetic field it is an eigenstate of Tavis-Cummings Hamiltonian and the preparation of such states requires the exit from this model. We show how to prepare a dark state by the photon pumping and drain from the optical cavity with two atoms, one from which has Stark or Zeeman splitting of energy levels. This splitting is removed before photon drain from the cavity. The dark state yield after one such cycle has the order of energy level splitting. We show the scheme of the experiment, in which such cycles repeat until the dark state is produced with high probability and the results of its computer simulation. The structure of dark states is briefly discussed.
The effect of a dark state on the entanglement properties of the two-mode field from a laser-driven Λ-type three-level atomic system is investigated by taking into account the spontaneously generated coherence (SGC). When the dark state is present, it is found that the entanglement between the two cavity modes can be significantly enhanced compared to the case without the dark state. When the value of SGC is maximal, the dark state population depending on the initial values of the system can affect the entanglement dramatically. Moreover, the effects of a squeezed parameter and Rabi frequency on entanglement evolution are also presented in the presence of a dark state.