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Entanglement Distribution in Packet-Switched Quantum Wrapper Network

Mehmet Berkay On, Roberto Proietti, Gamze Gül, Gregory S. Kanter, Sandeep Kumar Singh, Prem Kumar, S. J. Ben Yoo

Published Jan 1, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We experimentally demonstrate entanglement distribution between a source and two distinct destination nodes in a packet-switched quantum network with >86% fidelity, where the packets consist of classical bits as labels and entangled photons as payloads.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_fs.2024.ftu3f.1

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Packet-switching has been widely used in classical fiber networks for better network scalability and efficiency. Recently, we introduced packet-switching as a new paradigm in quantum networking, where quantum payloads are packetized with classical headers to construct hybrid classical-quantum data frames, and the routing decisions are made in a decentralized fashion at individual routers dynamically. While there are tremendous challenges in building a generic packet-switched quantum network, our study shows that it is possible to develop metropolitan size packet-switched quantum key distribution (QKD) networks with today’s technology. This may greatly facilitate the integration of QKD with classical communication networks and accelerate its adoption.
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Large-scale quantum networks with thousands of nodes require scalable network protocols and physical hardware to realize. In this work, we introduce packet switching as a new paradigm for quantum data transmission in both future and near-term quantum networks. We propose a classical-quantum data frame structure and explore methods of frame generation and processing. Further, we present conceptual designs for a quantum reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer to realize the proposed transmission scheme. Packet switching allows for a universal design for a next generation Internet where classical and quantum data share the same network protocols and infrastructure. In this new quantum networking paradigm, entanglement distribution, as with quantum key distribution, is an application built on top of the quantum network rather than as a network designed especially for those purposes. For analysis of the network model, we simulate the feasibility of quantum packet switching for some preliminary models of quantum key and entanglement distribution. Finally, we discuss how our model can be integrated with other network models toward a realization of a quantum Internet.
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