Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Quantum network nodes based on diamond photonic nanostructures

Nina Codreanu, Matteo Pasini, Tim Turan, Lorenzo De Santis, Maximilian Ruf, Hans K. C. Beukers, Christopher Waas, Caroline E. Smulders, Julia M. Brevoord, Simon Gröblacher, Ronald Hanson

Published Jan 1, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present our optimized diamond fabrication process based on quasi-isotropic crystal-plane-dependent reactive-ion-etching at low and high temperature plasma regime. We demonstrate successful integration of SnV centers in diamond waveguides showing quantum non-linear effects. We report on our latest results on all-diamond photonic crystal cavities.

DOI
10.1364/cleo_fs.2024.fm3f.3

Related papers

Quantum Photonic Interface for Tin-Vacancy Centers in Diamond

Alison E. Rugar, Shahriar Aghaeimeibodi, Daniel Riedel +6 more

The realization of quantum networks critically depends on establishing efficient, coherent light-matter interfaces. Optically active spins in diamond have emerged as promising quantum nodes based on their spin-selective optical transitions, long-lived spin ground states, and potential for integration with nanophotonics. Tin-vacancy (SnV$^{\,\textrm{-}}$) centers in diamond are of particular interest because they exhibit narrow-linewidth emission in nanostructures and possess long spin coherence times at temperatures above 1 K. However, a nanophotonic interface for SnV$^{\,\textrm{-}}$ centers has not yet been realized. Here, we report cavity enhancement of the emission of SnV$^{\,\textrm{-}}$ centers in diamond. We integrate SnV$^{\,\textrm{-}}$ centers into one-dimensional photonic crystal resonators and observe a 40-fold increase in emission intensity. The Purcell factor of the coupled system is 25, resulting in channeling of the majority of photons ($90\%$) into the cavity mode. Our results pave the way for the creation of efficient, scalable spin-photon interfaces based on SnV$^{\,\textrm{-}}$ centers in diamond.

arXiv:2102.11852•Physical Review X•Jul 26, 2021•103 citations

Quantum Photonics with SnV Centers in Diamond

Shahriar Aghaeimeibodi, Jelena Vuckovic A

In this presentation, we will discuss our recent efforts on realizing a quantum photonic platform for diamond color centers. In particular, we demonstrate integration of tin-vacancy (SnV) spin qubits in diamond to optical waveguides, cavities, and nanopillars. We show that SnV centers created using our recent technique based on shallow ion implantation and overgrowth maintain their quality when placed in nanostructures.

Technical digest - International Electron Devices Meeting/Technical digest•Dec 11, 2021•2 citations

SnV centers in photonic crystal cavities as a platform for quantum network nodes

Daniel Bedialauneta Rodriguez, Nina Codreanu, Tim Turan +6 more

Diamond photonic crystal cavity parameters are measured at cryogenic temperatures. In-situ resonance frequency tuning through gas desorption allows us to probe the SnV-cavity system.

Quantum 2.0 Conference and Exhibition•Jan 1, 2025•0 citations

Invited Article: Precision nanoimplantation of nitrogen vacancy centers into diamond photonic crystal cavities and waveguides

Marco Schukraft, Jiabao Zheng, Tim Schröder +5 more

We demonstrate a self-aligned lithographic technique for precision generation of nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers within photonic nanostructures on bulk diamond substrates. The process relies on a lithographic mask with nanoscale implantation apertures for NV creation, together with larger features for producing waveguides and photonic nanocavities. This mask allows targeted nitrogen ion implantation, and precision dry etching of nanostructures on bulk diamond. We demonstrate high-yield generation of single NVs at pre-determined nanoscale target regions on suspended diamond waveguides. We report implantation into the mode maximum of diamond photonic crystal nanocavities with a single-NV per cavity yield of ∼26% and Purcell induced intensity enhancement of the zero-phonon line. The generation of NV centers aligned with diamond photonic structures marks an important tool for scalable production of optically coupled spin memories.

APL Photonics•May 1, 2016•38 citations

Fiber-integrated nanophotonic networks in bulk single-crystal diamond substrates (Conference Presentation)

Michael J. Burek, Charles Meuwly, Jake Rochman +3 more

Luminescent lattice defects (so called “color centers”) in diamond provide a robust, solid-state architecture for exploring quantum optics, with many facilitating direct access to highly coherent electron and nuclear spins. The past two decades have seen tremendous advances in our ability to prepare and control the quantum states of these atom-like systems. For instance, demonstrations that leverage the diamond nitrogen vacancy (NV–) center as a spin-photon interface have included the generation of indistinguishable photons, a quantum bit memory exceeding 1 second, entanglement of two distance solid-state qubits, and deterministic long distance quantum teleportation. While diamond color centers are an attractive platform for scalable quantum information processing, the diamond solid-state matrix, by its very nature, inhibits efficient photon collection into either free-space or fiber-optical systems. Due to its large refractive index, emitted photons are inevitably trapped within the diamond crystal by total internal reflection, limiting count rates and overall scalability of information processing via quantum optical protocols. To this end, there has been significant progress towards integrating individual diamond color centers within well-defined radiation channels: namely, those provided by monolithic diamond nanophotonic networks. Currently, on-chip low loss (~ few db/cm) diamond waveguide networks are available, as well as key passive photonic elements like micron scale ring and disk resonators and photonic crystal cavities, with high optical quality (Q) factors. Specifically, we recently demonstrated a scalable ‘angled-etching’ nanofabrication method for realizing nanophotonic networks starting from bulk single-crystal diamond substrates (MJ Burek et al., Nano Letters 2012, MJ Burek et al., Nat Comm. 2014). Angled-etching employs anisotropic oxygen-based plasma etching at an oblique angle to the substrate surface, resulting in suspended optical structures with triangular cross-sections. Using this approach, we demonstrated high Q-factor (> 10^5) optical nanocavities fabricated in bulk single-crystal diamond, operating over a wide wavelength range (visible to telecom). Beyond isolated photonic devices, we have further developed free-standing angled-etched waveguides which efficiently route photons between diamond optical nanocavities, while maintaining physical support through attachment to the bulk substrate. Although on-chip diamond nanophotonics realized by angled-etching continue to mature, efficient off-chip optical coupling schemes which provide near seamless transition of photons on-chip into commercial optical fibers remain an outstanding challenge. This is especially pertinent in applications involving single photons, such as quantum optics with diamond color centers. Herein, we demonstrate a high efficiency fiber-optical interface with aforementioned on-chip diamond nanophotonic networks, achieving > 90% power coupling at both telecom and visible wavelengths. The coupling scheme utilizes a single mode optical fiber, with one end fabricated into a conical taper, to adiabatically transition guided light between on-chip tapered diamond waveguides and off-chip optical fiber networks. Additionally, we develop techniques to robustly pigtail single-mode fibers with diamond waveguide couplers, yielding a packaged technology that may potentially enable deployment in harsh environments, including vacuum, sub-Kelvin cryogenics, or even liquid/biological environments. With these newly developed optical integration schemes, single-crystal diamond is now a viable integrated nanophotonics platform, servicing a range of applications, from non-linear optics and chemical sensing, to quantum science and cavity optomechanics.

SPIE Nanophotonics•Jul 26, 2016•0 citations

Coupling of a single tin-vacancy center to a photonic crystal cavity in diamond

Kazuhiro Kuruma, Benjamin Pingault, Cleaven Chia +5 more

We demonstrate optical coupling between a single tin-vacancy (SnV) center in diamond and a free-standing photonic crystal nanobeam cavity. The cavities are fabricated using quasi-isotropic etching and feature experimentally measured quality factors as high as ∼11 000. We investigate the dependence of a single SnV center's emission by controlling the cavity wavelength using a laser-induced gas desorption technique. Under resonance conditions, we observe an intensity enhancement of the SnV emission by a factor of 12 and a 16-fold reduction of the SnV lifetime. Based on the large enhancement of the SnV emission rate inside the cavity, we estimate the Purcell factor for the SnV zero-phonon line to be 37 and the coupling efficiency of the SnV center to the cavity, the β factor, to be 95%. Our work paves the way for the realization of quantum photonic devices and systems based on efficient photonic interfaces using the SnV color center in diamond.

arXiv:2105.01715•Applied Physics Letters•Jun 7, 2021•78 citations
We present our optimized diamond fabrication process based on quasi-isotropic crystal-plane-dependent reactive-ion-etching at low and high temperature plasma regime. We demonstrate successful integration of SnV centers in diamond waveguides showing quantum non-linear effects. We report on our latest results on all-diamond photonic crystal cavities.
The realization of quantum networks critically depends on establishing efficient, coherent light-matter interfaces. Optically active spins in diamond have emerged as promising quantum nodes based on their spin-selective optical transitions, long-lived spin ground states, and potential for integration with nanophotonics. Tin-vacancy (SnV -^{\,\textrm{-}}-) centers in diamond are of particular interest because they exhibit narrow-linewidth emission in nanostructures and possess long spin coherence times at temperatures above 1 K. However, a nanophotonic interface for SnV -^{\,\textrm{-}}- centers has not yet been realized. Here, we report cavity enhancement of the emission of SnV -^{\,\textrm{-}}- centers in diamond. We integrate SnV -^{\,\textrm{-}}- centers into one-dimensional photonic crystal resonators and observe a 40-fold increase in emission intensity. The Purcell factor of the coupled system is 25, resulting in channeling of the majority of photons (90%90\%90%) into the cavity mode. Our results pave the way for the creation of efficient, scalable spin-photon interfaces based on SnV -^{\,\textrm{-}}- centers in diamond.
We demonstrate a self-aligned lithographic technique for precision generation of nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers within photonic nanostructures on bulk diamond substrates. The process relies on a lithographic mask with nanoscale implantation apertures for NV creation, together with larger features for producing waveguides and photonic nanocavities. This mask allows targeted nitrogen ion implantation, and precision dry etching of nanostructures on bulk diamond. We demonstrate high-yield generation of single NVs at pre-determined nanoscale target regions on suspended diamond waveguides. We report implantation into the mode maximum of diamond photonic crystal nanocavities with a single-NV per cavity yield of ∼26% and Purcell induced intensity enhancement of the zero-phonon line. The generation of NV centers aligned with diamond photonic structures marks an important tool for scalable production of optically coupled spin memories.
Luminescent lattice defects (so called “color centers”) in diamond provide a robust, solid-state architecture for exploring quantum optics, with many facilitating direct access to highly coherent electron and nuclear spins. The past two decades have seen tremendous advances in our ability to prepare and control the quantum states of these atom-like systems. For instance, demonstrations that leverage the diamond nitrogen vacancy (NV–) center as a spin-photon interface have included the generation of indistinguishable photons, a quantum bit memory exceeding 1 second, entanglement of two distance solid-state qubits, and deterministic long distance quantum teleportation. While diamond color centers are an attractive platform for scalable quantum information processing, the diamond solid-state matrix, by its very nature, inhibits efficient photon collection into either free-space or fiber-optical systems. Due to its large refractive index, emitted photons are inevitably trapped within the diamond crystal by total internal reflection, limiting count rates and overall scalability of information processing via quantum optical protocols. To this end, there has been significant progress towards integrating individual diamond color centers within well-defined radiation channels: namely, those provided by monolithic diamond nanophotonic networks. Currently, on-chip low loss (~ few db/cm) diamond waveguide networks are available, as well as key passive photonic elements like micron scale ring and disk resonators and photonic crystal cavities, with high optical quality (Q) factors. Specifically, we recently demonstrated a scalable ‘angled-etching’ nanofabrication method for realizing nanophotonic networks starting from bulk single-crystal diamond substrates (MJ Burek et al., Nano Letters 2012, MJ Burek et al., Nat Comm. 2014). Angled-etching employs anisotropic oxygen-based plasma etching at an oblique angle to the substrate surface, resulting in suspended optical structures with triangular cross-sections. Using this approach, we demonstrated high Q-factor (> 10^5) optical nanocavities fabricated in bulk single-crystal diamond, operating over a wide wavelength range (visible to telecom). Beyond isolated photonic devices, we have further developed free-standing angled-etched waveguides which efficiently route photons between diamond optical nanocavities, while maintaining physical support through attachment to the bulk substrate. Although on-chip diamond nanophotonics realized by angled-etching continue to mature, efficient off-chip optical coupling schemes which provide near seamless transition of photons on-chip into commercial optical fibers remain an outstanding challenge. This is especially pertinent in applications involving single photons, such as quantum optics with diamond color centers. Herein, we demonstrate a high efficiency fiber-optical interface with aforementioned on-chip diamond nanophotonic networks, achieving > 90% power coupling at both telecom and visible wavelengths. The coupling scheme utilizes a single mode optical fiber, with one end fabricated into a conical taper, to adiabatically transition guided light between on-chip tapered diamond waveguides and off-chip optical fiber networks. Additionally, we develop techniques to robustly pigtail single-mode fibers with diamond waveguide couplers, yielding a packaged technology that may potentially enable deployment in harsh environments, including vacuum, sub-Kelvin cryogenics, or even liquid/biological environments. With these newly developed optical integration schemes, single-crystal diamond is now a viable integrated nanophotonics platform, servicing a range of applications, from non-linear optics and chemical sensing, to quantum science and cavity optomechanics.
We demonstrate optical coupling between a single tin-vacancy (SnV) center in diamond and a free-standing photonic crystal nanobeam cavity. The cavities are fabricated using quasi-isotropic etching and feature experimentally measured quality factors as high as ∼11 000. We investigate the dependence of a single SnV center's emission by controlling the cavity wavelength using a laser-induced gas desorption technique. Under resonance conditions, we observe an intensity enhancement of the SnV emission by a factor of 12 and a 16-fold reduction of the SnV lifetime. Based on the large enhancement of the SnV emission rate inside the cavity, we estimate the Purcell factor for the SnV zero-phonon line to be 37 and the coupling efficiency of the SnV center to the cavity, the β factor, to be 95%. Our work paves the way for the realization of quantum photonic devices and systems based on efficient photonic interfaces using the SnV color center in diamond.