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Quantum 2.0 Conference and Exhibition

Experimental demonstration of continuous variable measurement-device-independent resource certification

B. L. Larsen, Adnan A. E. Hajomer, Paolo Abiuso, Antonio Acín, Tobias Gehring, Jonas Schou Neergaard-Nielsen, Ulrik L. Andersen

Published Jan 1, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Relying only on generation of trusted coherent states, we present experimental demonstrations of continuous variable measurement-device-independent (MDI) resource certification of: 1) entanglement, and 2) non-entanglement breaking optical memory.
DOI
10.1364/quantum.2024.qm4a.5

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Entanglement is one of the most puzzling features of quantum theory and of great importance for the new field of quantum information. The determination whether a given state is entangled or not is one of the most challenging open problems of the field. Here we report on the experimental demonstration of measurement-device-independent (MDI) entanglement detection using witness method for general two qubits photon polarization systems. In the MDI settings, there is no requirement to assume perfect implementations or neither to trust the measurement devices. This experimental demonstration can be generalized for the investigation of properties of quantum systems and for the realization of cryptography and communication protocols.
We study the detection of continuous-variable entanglement, for which most of the existing methods designed so far require a full specification of the devices, and we present protocols for entanglement detection in a scenario where the measurement devices are completely uncharacterized. We first generalize, to the continuous variable regime, the seminal results by Buscemi [Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 200401 (2012)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.108.200401] and Branciard et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 060405 (2013)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.110.060405], showing that all entangled states can be detected in this scenario. Most importantly, we then describe a practical protocol that allows for the measurement-device-independent certification of entanglement of all two-mode entangled Gaussian states. This protocol is feasible with current technology as it makes use only of standard optical setups such as coherent states and homodyne measurements.
We consider quantum steering certification in multipartite networks, with a focus on minimal trust scenarios: all-except-one parties are untrusted and treated device-independently. We show that it is always possible to lift steering certification to the measurement-device-independent regime, in which even the (last) trusted party can treat their local hardware as a black-box, except for a set of fiduciary quantum states used as the inputs to the experiment. This holds both for finite-dimensional systems as well as for bosonic continuous-variable systems, which we characterize in terms of semi-quantum games in the bipartite case. Additionally, we introduce measurement-device-independent network steering protocols based entirely on Gaussian operations -- which cannot be used for fully device-independent protocols, and thus become instead a viable option for minimal trust certification as soon as a single trusted input is inserted in the network. Our results present a basis for steering-based applications (such as randomness generation) with minimal trust beyond full nonlocality and with feasible experimental requirements.