Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Quantum 2.0 Conference and Exhibition

Cluster States Generation in Photonic Time-Crystals

Mark D. Lyubarov, Michael Birk, O. Segal, A. Horlach, Liat Nemirovsky-Levy, Yonatan Plotnik, Mordechai Segev

Published Jan 1, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We show that Photonic Time-Crystals generate two-mode squeezing for photonic modes with opposite momentum. Based on this property we propose a three-step algorithm for generation of cluster states for measurement-based quantum computing.
DOI
10.1364/quantum.2024.qw4a.7

Related papers

Continuous Variables Cluster States in Photonic Time-Crystals

Mark D. Lyubarov, Michael Birk, O. Segal +4 more

We show that Photonic Time-Crystals (PTCs) produce two-mode squeezing for pairs of photonic modes. We propose an algorithm for generating a cluster state in PTC for a measurement-based quantum computing in a simple three-step process.

•Jan 1, 2024•0 citations

Continuous-variables cluster states in photonic time-crystals

Mordechai Segev, Mark D. Lyubarov, Ohad Segal +4 more

Photonic quantum computing has been rapidly advancing over the past decade, with measurement-based approaches emerging as particularly promising. A crucial requirement for these approaches is the generation of large-scale cluster states. In this work, we present a method to create cluster states using Photonic Time Crystals (PTCs)—dielectric materials with their refractive index rapidly modulated in time. PTCs effectively function as a set of optical parametric oscillators and beam-splitters, producing simultaneous two-mode squeezing for many pairs of photonic modes with opposite wavevectors. We utilize this capability to propose a method for generating two-dimensional cluster states, offering important advantages over existing protocols.

Optica Quantum•Jun 26, 2025•5 citations

Cluster State Generation Using Fibre Sources

Alex S. Clark, Bryn A. Bell, Jérémie Fulconis +4 more

By pumping a birefringent photonic crystal fibre in opposite directions we generate time-bandwidth limited entangled photon pairs. Performing a fusion gate on photons from two independent sources we create and characterize a four-qubit cluster state.

Frontiers in Optics•Jan 1, 2010•2 citations

Mode-Selective Photon Subtraction via Time-to-Frequency Mapping for Multimode Entangled States

Bastien Oriot, Peter Namdar, David Fainsin +3 more

Photonics quantum networks are pivotal for quantum technologies, facilitating efficient information distribution and manipulation through quantum states of light. Continuous-variable (CV) cluster states, essential resources for Measurement-Based Quantum Computing, can be deterministically generated using squeezed states of light and mode-basis changes [1]. However, Gaussian states like squeezed states or cluster states, can be efficiently simulated with a classical computer [2]. Thus, to achieve quantum advantage, non-Gaussianity should be introduced, which can be accomplished by subtracting a photon from a squeezed state [3].

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)•Jun 23, 2025•0 citations

Multimode Entangled Squeezed Light Generation and Propagation in a Coupled-Cavity Photonic Crystal

Dylan van Eeden, Marc M. Dignam

We design a photonic crystal coupled-cavity system consisting of a three-mode cavity and three waveguides to generate and deliver entangled two-mode squeezed states of light on-chip.

Photonics North (PN)•May 28, 2024•0 citations

Graph State Generation Based on Quantum Photonic Devices, Enabling Measurement-Based Quantum Computing

Masoud Hakimi Heris

Photonic cluster states are fundamental resource for measurement-based quantum computing (MBQC), which is a promising approach for scalable quantum computing. These highly entangled states enable computation with applying local measurements rather than gate operations, which makes them essential for fault-tolerant quantum computing. Generation of the photonic cluster states requires high-quality entanglement and stability, which can be done by making use of cavity quantum electrodynamics (cavity QED), which is embedding quantum dots (QDs) into photonic microcavities. This method enables controlled single-photon emission and the entanglement of them, helping with key challenges in generating photonic cluster states. Enhancing the generation of the photonic cluster state requires improvement in the quality factor (Q-factor) and therefore, cooperativity of cavity and QD systems. A high Q-factor helps with reduction in photon loss and decoherence, ensuring more stable and high-fidelity quantum states. It also enables better light-matter interactions, improving cluster state quality. Cooperativity, which is a measure for the light-matter coupling strength relative to dissipation, directly impacts photon emission efficiency. Optimization of these parameters improves entanglement generation, which is essential for producing high-quality photonic cluster states. Therefore, optimized cavities are essential for improving the generation of the photonic cluster states. Scalability is also an important parameter for the generation of the large-scale cluster states used in quantum computing. In this paper, after reviewing MBQC, cluster states, and the generation of the photonic cluster states, we investigate the deterministic generation of the photonic cluster state resource for the purpose of MBQC, and highlights the importance of the inverse design techniques for this goal.

quant-pharXiv:2607.16667•Jul 21, 2026•0 citations
Photonic quantum computing has been rapidly advancing over the past decade, with measurement-based approaches emerging as particularly promising. A crucial requirement for these approaches is the generation of large-scale cluster states. In this work, we present a method to create cluster states using Photonic Time Crystals (PTCs)—dielectric materials with their refractive index rapidly modulated in time. PTCs effectively function as a set of optical parametric oscillators and beam-splitters, producing simultaneous two-mode squeezing for many pairs of photonic modes with opposite wavevectors. We utilize this capability to propose a method for generating two-dimensional cluster states, offering important advantages over existing protocols.
Photonics quantum networks are pivotal for quantum technologies, facilitating efficient information distribution and manipulation through quantum states of light. Continuous-variable (CV) cluster states, essential resources for Measurement-Based Quantum Computing, can be deterministically generated using squeezed states of light and mode-basis changes [1]. However, Gaussian states like squeezed states or cluster states, can be efficiently simulated with a classical computer [2]. Thus, to achieve quantum advantage, non-Gaussianity should be introduced, which can be accomplished by subtracting a photon from a squeezed state [3].
Photonic cluster states are fundamental resource for measurement-based quantum computing (MBQC), which is a promising approach for scalable quantum computing. These highly entangled states enable computation with applying local measurements rather than gate operations, which makes them essential for fault-tolerant quantum computing. Generation of the photonic cluster states requires high-quality entanglement and stability, which can be done by making use of cavity quantum electrodynamics (cavity QED), which is embedding quantum dots (QDs) into photonic microcavities. This method enables controlled single-photon emission and the entanglement of them, helping with key challenges in generating photonic cluster states. Enhancing the generation of the photonic cluster state requires improvement in the quality factor (Q-factor) and therefore, cooperativity of cavity and QD systems. A high Q-factor helps with reduction in photon loss and decoherence, ensuring more stable and high-fidelity quantum states. It also enables better light-matter interactions, improving cluster state quality. Cooperativity, which is a measure for the light-matter coupling strength relative to dissipation, directly impacts photon emission efficiency. Optimization of these parameters improves entanglement generation, which is essential for producing high-quality photonic cluster states. Therefore, optimized cavities are essential for improving the generation of the photonic cluster states. Scalability is also an important parameter for the generation of the large-scale cluster states used in quantum computing. In this paper, after reviewing MBQC, cluster states, and the generation of the photonic cluster states, we investigate the deterministic generation of the photonic cluster state resource for the purpose of MBQC, and highlights the importance of the inverse design techniques for this goal.