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Quantum 2.0 Conference and Exhibition

Nonclassicality of Seeded Optical Parametric Oscillator in the Single-Photon Regime

Chanseul Lee, Tai Hyun Yoon

Published Jan 1, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We discuss nonclassicality of nondegenerate optical parametric oscillator operating far below-threshold with weak seed fields. We show nonclassical measure that depends on the seeding amplitude ratio has the same values for intra- and extra-cavity fields.
DOI
10.1364/quantum.2024.qtu3a.20

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We present a versatile method for producing two-mode stabilized squeezed coherent state (SSCS) of light with controllable nonclassicality. Our method involves seeding phase-coherent bichromatic fields into a nondegenerate optical parametric oscillator (OPO), where the global phase difference Φ\PhiΦ between the bichromatic seed and pump fields plays a central role. When Φ=2nπ\Phi=2n\piΦ=2nπ, where nnn is an integer, we show that the two-mode SSCS has its nonclassical measure at its minimum possible value with an effective displacement that compensates for single-photon losses with injected photons. As a result, the SSCS has a larger mean photon number and controllable nonclassicality compared to an OPO without seed fields. We also show that near-perfect squeezing level can be obtained at that effective displacement without being subject to injection rates. We believe that the proposed quantum source of two-mode SSCS with controllable nonclassicality would be useful for continuous-variable photonic quantum information processing.
Photon statistics of light produced by a nondegenerate optical parametric oscillator operating below threshold are calculated. Positive-P representation is used to map quantum dynamics onto a set of classical Langevin equations for the complex field amplitudes associated with the annihilation and creation operators for the field produced by the oscillator. Using a Karhunen Loeve expansion of the resulting stochastic processes the moment generating function for photon counting statistics is obtained.
SUMMARY Parametric processes in the interaction of electromagnetic field with a medium in an optical cavity are well known to produce states of light with nonclassical properties. The quantum correlations between these states can be employed for a realization of an EinsteinPodolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox [l], in the original formulation using continuous variables, as proposed [2] and experimentally demonstrated [3] in the case of Nondegenerate Parametric Amplification below threshold. In this paper we study EPR-like behaviour between the signal and idler fields emitted by a degenerate optical parametric oscillator (OPO) above threshold; these fields, generated by conversion of a pump photon of frequency 2w0 in two photons of frequency w. , are spatially separated in the far field, showing non-local quantum correlations. The system is described by the full Hamiltonian for the operators associated with the pump and signal fields; the optical cavity introduces proper damping constants and corresponding vacuum field operators [4,5]. Above the threshold for the generation of the signal field, we consider the fluctuations in the intensity difference and in the phase sum of the signal beams, which are related to their degree of mutual correlation. By linearizing around the stationary state, we calculate the spectral variances of these quantities (i.e. the Fourier transform of the two time correlation functions). The Heisenberg uncertainty principle sets a lower limit to the product of the spectral variances for the fluctuations in the intensity and in the phase of each individual signal field; by using the idler beam to infer results of measurements on the correlated signal beam, we have an EPR paradox if the product of the spectral variances for the fluctuations in the intensity difference and phase sum of the fields, is below the uncertainty limit. This feature is apparent for a wide interval around zero frequency in the far field of the active OPO system, depending on the parameter space; in particular there is maximum correlation between signal beams, and therefore maximum breaking of the uncertainty limit, if the damping constant of the signal field is larger than that of the pump field.