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Theoretical and Natural Science

Multiqubit quantum dense coding

Ruoling Zhao

Published Aug 27, 2024• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Multipartite quantum-information transmission has been a key task for practice purposes and applications in the past decades. In this paper, we present a novel protocol for the multiqubit super dense coding, by using the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states. Our protocol involves measurements doable in the current technique of labs, and thus is possibly realizable and may be extendable to more complicated cases for many systems. In quantum physics, the way the object is measured will affect the code, and the information wont work like puzzles as the condition in general physics which means that, when the divided message is put together, the complete information will be obtained. It requires more complex work to get useful information, like the cooperation of code accepters. To compare with the way in general physics, it is more safe in quantum physics.

DOI
10.54254/2753-8818/50/20240649

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Multipartite quantum-information transmission has been a key task for practice purposes and applications in the past decades. In this paper, we present a novel protocol for the multiqubit super dense coding, by using the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states. Our protocol involves measurements doable in the current technique of labs, and thus is possibly realizable and may be extendable to more complicated cases for many systems. In quantum physics, the way the object is measured will affect the code, and the information wont work like puzzles as the condition in general physics which means that, when the divided message is put together, the complete information will be obtained. It requires more complex work to get useful information, like the cooperation of code accepters. To compare with the way in general physics, it is more safe in quantum physics.
Multipartite quantum-information transmission has been a key task for practice purposes and applications in the past decades. In this paper, we present a novel protocol for the multiqubit super dense coding, by using the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states. Our protocol involves measurements doable in the current technique of labs, and thus is possibly realizable and may be extendable to more complicated cases for many systems. In quantum physics, the way the object is measured will affect the code, and the information won’t work like puzzles as the condition in general physics which means that, when the divided message is put together, the complete information will be obtained. It requires more complex work to get useful information, like the cooperation of code accepters. To compare with the way in general physics, it is more safe in quantum physics.
An efficient multiparty quantum secret sharing scheme is proposed with Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states following some ideas in quantum dense coding. The agents take the single-photon measurements on the photons received for eavesdropping check and exploit the four local unitary operations I , σ z , σ x and i σ y to code their message. This scheme has the advantage of high capacity as each GHZ state can carry two bits of information. The parties do not need to announce the measuring bases for almost all the photons, which will reduce the classical information exchanged largely. The intrinsic efficiency for qubits and the total efficiency both approach the maximal values.
A quantum steganography protocol with a large payload is proposed based on the dense coding and the entanglement swapping of the Greenberger—Horne—Zeilinger (GHZ) states. Its super quantum channel is formed by building up a hidden channel within the original quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) scheme. Based on the original QSDC, secret messages are transmitted by integrating the dense coding and the entanglement swapping of the GHZ states. The capacity of the super quantum channel achieves six bits per round covert communication, much higher than the previous quantum steganography protocols. Its imperceptibility is good, since the information and the secret messages can be regarded to be random or pseudo-random. Moreover, its security is proved to be reliable.
This paper introduces a new quantum protocol for secure direct communication. This protocol is based on Entanglement and Super-Dense coding. In this paper we present some basic definitions of entanglement in quantum mechanics, present how to use the maximally entangled states known as Bell States, and super dense coding technique to achieve secure direct message communication. Finally, we will apply some error models that could affect the transmission of the quantum data on the quantum channels, and how to treat these errors and acquire a safe transmission of the data.
A novel scheme for realizing dense coding with Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger(GHZ) state in linear optical system is proposed.In this protocol,Alice codes on photon 1 and 2 by linear optical element and sents these photons to Bob.Then Bob performs a joint measurement on photons 1,2,and 3 with the GHZ basis by employing two quantum nondemolition detectors(QND) and polarizing beam splitter(PBS).Eight GHZ states can be completely discriminated.According to the outcomes of his measurement,Bob can determine what operation Alice applied.Alice only transmits two photons in this process of the quantum dense coding,but Bob can obtain three bits of classical information.The QND devices are generally based on cross-Kerr nonlinearities,and the cross-Kerr nonlinearities are available with electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT).
The world today is interconnected. As we live in the contemporary era, we will undoubtedly feel the importance of information interaction in all aspects. This kind of information interaction needs to be carried out or mediated. Quantum communication is a new way of information interaction that has been pushed to the forefront in the past decade. It not only has the low cost of traditional radio communication but also has the characteristics of long relay distance of optical communication system. Compared with these characteristics, the most important thing is that it has super high confidentiality. This is the most critical point in the information age. Dense coding is an important application of quantum information. It reflects the difference between quantum bits and classical bits in transmission, providing a reliable theoretical basis for improving the effectiveness of remote communication in the future. We discuss two kinds of extensions of the original dense coding. They respectively work for high-dimension and multipartite situations. We give the laws of the two attachments. In the high-dimensional system, we use the Bell state as the target state of any quantum state and realize the one-to-one correspondence between the entangled state and the Bell state. In multipartite space, we can find that the transformation results can form a dimensional space, and the quantum states obtained are one-to-one, corresponding to the classical bit states. In the multipartite system, we can get the transmitted information more efficiently and accurately by limiting data processing by partial senders. At the same time, this restriction will not reduce the amount of information transmitted initially. Therefore, this limited transformation can improve quantum computing power without damaging quantum states.