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International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing (CSNDSP)

Quantum OFDM: A Novel Approach to Qubit Error Minimization

Mohammed Rabeea Almasaoodi, Abdulbasit M. A. Sabaawi, Sándor Imre

Published Jul 17, 2024• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum communication stands on the precipice of a transformative leap with the advent of Quantum Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (Q-OFDM). Drawing from the classical OFDM paradigm, Q-OFDM utilizes the Quantum Fourier Transform (QFT) and its inverse (IQFT) for high-fidelity information encoding and decoding across quantum channels. This study presents a novel Q-OFDM communication model that utilizes quantum superposition and entanglement to distribute data over many orthogonal quantum states, like frequency channels in conventional OFDM. Using the Qiskit platform, we meticulously analyze the bit error rate (BER) across various quantum rotations—Rx, Ry, and Rz—focusing on the rotation angles$\boldsymbol{\theta}=\{\mathbf{20},\mathbf{50},\mathbf{100}\}$degrees. Our simulations reveal critical insights into the BER behavior in response to quantum gate operations, with larger qubit counts showing intrinsic error reduction. Accentuating the Q-OFDM system's robustness against quantum noise and operational errors.

DOI
10.1109/csndsp60683.2024.10636648

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Quantum communication stands on the precipice of a transformative leap with the advent of Quantum Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (Q-OFDM). Drawing from the classical OFDM paradigm, Q-OFDM utilizes the Quantum Fourier Transform (QFT) and its inverse (IQFT) for high-fidelity information encoding and decoding across quantum channels. This study presents a novel Q-OFDM communication model that utilizes quantum superposition and entanglement to distribute data over many orthogonal quantum states, like frequency channels in conventional OFDM. Using the Qiskit platform, we meticulously analyze the bit error rate (BER) across various quantum rotations—Rx, Ry, and Rz—focusing on the rotation anglesθ={20,50,100}\boldsymbol{\theta}=\{\mathbf{20},\mathbf{50},\mathbf{100}\}θ={20,50,100}degrees. Our simulations reveal critical insights into the BER behavior in response to quantum gate operations, with larger qubit counts showing intrinsic error reduction. Accentuating the Q-OFDM system's robustness against quantum noise and operational errors.
Abstract Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) is a crucial modulation method used in contemporary digital communication systems for its significant spectral efficiency, low latency, and robustness in challenging environments. This work examines the novel use of OFDM in quantum communication, an area that offers exceptional security and efficiency in information transfer using quantum mechanics principles. In the rapidly evolving field of quantum computing, understanding, and mitigating quantum bit errors is paramount. This paper presents a rigorous analysis of bit error rates (BER) in quantum circuits, focusing on the impact of the quantum Fourier transform and its inverse, contrasted against quantum circuits employing dynamic gate sequences. Our research methodology encompasses simulations over a diverse set of parameters, including varying qubit counts ranging from 2 to 8 and theta angles (15, 30, 45, and 60°), as well as random theta values, utilizing the advanced capabilities of the Qiskit framework. Our findings indicate that quantum OFDM substantially improves quantum communication, lowering errors and boosting security. The quantum model outperforms the reference model in BER, with further enhancements as qubits increase.
The integration of Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) with contemporary communication systems faces challenges, notably the requirement of a cyclic prefix (CP), which affects spectral efficiency. This paper proposes a novel quantum OFDM transmission method that utilizes quantum mechanisms for encoding, decoding, and channel processes, replacing the need for Discrete Fourier Transforms (DFT) and Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT). This advanced quantum OFDM model eliminates the CP requirement and, when compared to a standard quantum transmission scheme, shows improved accuracy in quantum state measurement, especially in channels with higher resistivity. The results have been validated using simulations on IBM’s Qiskit platform.
Quantum communication offers a promising solution to overcome the limitations of classical communication, especially in addressing channel noise and signal fading. Inspired by classical Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), this study introduces a novel Quantum OFDM (QOFDM) framework for image transmission over noisy quantum channels. In the proposed system, the input image bitstream is channel encoded and then quantum encoded using qubit sizes ranging from 1 to 8, optimizing the trade-off between complexity and performance. This data is processed via serial-to-parallel conversion, and the Quantum Fourier Transform (QFT) is applied to create orthogonal subcarriers. After reconversion to serial, a cyclic prefix is added to mitigate inter-symbol interference. At the receiver, the cyclic prefix is removed, the signal is converted to parallel, and Inverse QFT (IQFT) is applied to recover the quantum states. The system then performs parallel-to-serial conversion, quantum decoding, and classical reconstruction to retrieve the transmitted image. Performance evaluation using Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM) shows that QOFDM outperforms classical OFDM in both image quality and noise resilience. The eight-qubit configuration achieves notable channel Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) gains, 22 dB in urban environments, and 16 dB in indoor settings over classical BPSK, despite higher computational demands. These results demonstrate the significant potential of QOFDM to improve multimedia communications.
One of the most crucial challenges in quantum communication is the transmission of quantum information among multiple users over a common quantum channel. Quantum orthogonal frequency division multiple access (QOFDMA) enables the transmission of quantum information for multiple users through a shared quantum channel. QOFDMA combines the transmission efficiency of classical (OFDMA) with the advantages of quantum information processing. However, its performance in noisy environments faces significant challenges, particularly in the presence of quantum decoherence and phase noise. QOFDMA utilises the quantum Fourier transform (QFT) and its inverse (IQFT) to ensure high-accuracy information transmission over quantum channel. This work examines the resilience of QOFDMA under noisy conditions, focusing on its robustness. Using the Qiskit platform, we analyse the bit error rate (BER) to evaluate the impact of noise across various quantum rotational channels. The simulation results reveal significant trends in user BER performance under the noisy quantum channels, providing key insights into the system behaviour and robustness.
In this paper, we propose quantum orthogonal frequency division multiple access (Q-OFDMA), a novel quantum communication scheme designed to overcome the fidelity limitations imposed by noise in multi-user quantum networks. Inspired by its classical counterpart, Q-OFDMA employs the quantum Fourier transform (QFT) and its inverse (IQFT) to encode and decode information across quantum channels. We evaluate our model under both a depolarization channel and a generalized noise model that interpolates between depolarizing and phase-damping noises. The simulation results conducted on Qiskit platform demonstrate that Q-OFDMA outperforms the reference model, achieving superior average fidelity across varying qubit counts and noise levels.
Recently, extensive research attention has been dedicated to enabling Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) waveforms to be compatible with a modern communication system. Encoding data as OFDM wavelengths still has a lot of problems, like the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and the cyclic prefix (CP), which are important factors that affect how efficiently the spectrum is used. To meet the quality-of-service requirements imposed by communication system applications, this paper proposes to replace the classical encoding and decoding schemes, classical channel, discrete Fourier transform (DFT), and inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) with their classical counterparts. This new quantum OFDM transmission scheme allows for the preparation of a quantum OFDM symbol without the need to incorporate a CP. To validate the accuracy of the suggested quantum OFDM transmission scheme, we compared it with the most widely recognised reference quantum transmission scheme. We have demonstrated that increasing the channel resistivity results in a higher probability of correctly measuring the quantum state in the quantum OFDM transmission scheme compared to the reference quantum transmission scheme. The results are verified by IBM's Qiskit.