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Physical Review Research

Broadband amplitude squeezing at room temperature in electrically driven quantum dot lasers

Shiyuan Zhao, Shihao Ding, Heming Huang, Isabelle Zaquine, Nicolas Fabre, Nadia Belabas, Frédéric Grillot

Published Jul 26, 2024• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The generation of squeezed states of light lies at the heart of modern photonics-based quantum information technologies. Traditionally, optical nonlinear interactions have been employed to produce squeezed states. However, the harnessing of electrically pumped semiconductor lasers offers distinctive paradigms to achieve enhanced squeezing performance for real-world applications. We present the first evidence that quantum dot lasers enable the realization of broadband amplitude-squeezed states at room temperature across a wide frequency range, spanning from 3 GHz to 12 GHz. Our findings are corroborated by a stochastic simulation in agreement with the experimental data. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

DOI
10.1103/physrevresearch.6.l032021

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The generation of squeezed states of light lies at the heart of modern photonics-based quantum information technologies. Traditionally, optical nonlinear interactions have been employed to produce squeezed states. However, the harnessing of electrically pumped semiconductor lasers offers distinctive paradigms to achieve enhanced squeezing performance for real-world applications. We present the first evidence that quantum dot lasers enable the realization of broadband amplitude-squeezed states at room temperature across a wide frequency range, spanning from 3 GHz to 12 GHz. Our findings are corroborated by a stochastic simulation in agreement with the experimental data. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
The generation of broadband squeezed states of light lies at the heart of high-speed continuous-variable quantum information. Traditionally, optical nonlinear interactions have been employed to produce quadrature-squeezed states. However, the harnessing of electrically pumped semiconductor lasers offers distinctive paradigms to achieve enhanced squeezing performance. We present evidence that quantum dot lasers enable the realization of broadband amplitude-squeezed states at room temperature across a wide frequency range, spanning from 3 GHz to 12 GHz. Our findings are corroborated by a comprehensive stochastic simulation in agreement with the experimental data.
We illustrate the generation of single-mode amplitude squeezing in a distributed feedback quantum dot laser driven by a constant-current pump. Achieving broadband amplitude squeezing of 1.7 dB over a 10 GHz range at room temperature is realized by suppressing carrier noise and implementing optical feedback. The noise-corrected squeezing level reached 5.1 dB. Furthermore, the examination of the zero-delay second-order correlation function demonstrates the robust feedback stability of the amplitude-squeezed state in the quantum dot laser compared to a reference quantum well laser. This investigation lays the groundwork for future advancements in integrated optical quantum chips.
Amplitude-squeezed states are produced from a room-temperature Fabry-P\'erot quantum-well semiconductor laser using a combination of pump suppression and weak, dispersive optical feedback. Up to 0.9 dB of squeezing is measured using a balanced homodyne detector corresponding to 1.5 dB of squeezing at the output facet of the laser. A comparison of the data to theoretical predictions suggests that the excess noise measured under free-running conditions could be a result of incomplete side-mode suppression in combination with asymmetrical cross-mode nonlinear gain saturation.
The control of the quantum state of light has recently been studied extensively, aiming at the achievement of ultra-low noise below the shot noise limit. Several experiments showed that amplitude squeezing could be achieved in constant-current-driven semiconductor lasers. However, the generation of amplitude-squeezed light from distributed feedback semiconductor lasers (DFB) has been up to now considerably less successful than that from Fabry-Perot devices. Simulations indicate that DFB structures with high coupling coefficient length product kL are unlikely to be good sources of squeezed light, because of the evanescence of the optical fields along the grating [1]. They also show, that for low kL values the lowest achievable intensity noise depends on the structure of the laser diode and can be higher than expected from the laser quantum efficiency alone.