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Observation of amplitude squeezing in a constant-current-driven distributed feedback quantum dot laser with optical feedback

Shihao Ding, Shiyuan Zhao, Heming Huang, Frédéric Grillot

Published Apr 15, 2024• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We illustrate the generation of single-mode amplitude squeezing in a distributed feedback quantum dot laser driven by a constant-current pump. Achieving broadband amplitude squeezing of 1.7 dB over a 10 GHz range at room temperature is realized by suppressing carrier noise and implementing optical feedback. The noise-corrected squeezing level reached 5.1 dB. Furthermore, the examination of the zero-delay second-order correlation function demonstrates the robust feedback stability of the amplitude-squeezed state in the quantum dot laser compared to a reference quantum well laser. This investigation lays the groundwork for future advancements in integrated optical quantum chips.

DOI
10.1063/5.0191416

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We illustrate the generation of single-mode amplitude squeezing in a distributed feedback quantum dot laser driven by a constant-current pump. Achieving broadband amplitude squeezing of 1.7 dB over a 10 GHz range at room temperature is realized by suppressing carrier noise and implementing optical feedback. The noise-corrected squeezing level reached 5.1 dB. Furthermore, the examination of the zero-delay second-order correlation function demonstrates the robust feedback stability of the amplitude-squeezed state in the quantum dot laser compared to a reference quantum well laser. This investigation lays the groundwork for future advancements in integrated optical quantum chips.
The generation of broadband squeezed states of light lies at the heart of high-speed continuous-variable quantum information. Traditionally, optical nonlinear interactions have been employed to produce quadrature-squeezed states. However, the harnessing of electrically pumped semiconductor lasers offers distinctive paradigms to achieve enhanced squeezing performance. We present evidence that quantum dot lasers enable the realization of broadband amplitude-squeezed states at room temperature across a wide frequency range, spanning from 3 GHz to 12 GHz. Our findings are corroborated by a comprehensive stochastic simulation in agreement with the experimental data.
The generation of squeezed states of light lies at the heart of modern photonics-based quantum information technologies. Traditionally, optical nonlinear interactions have been employed to produce squeezed states. However, the harnessing of electrically pumped semiconductor lasers offers distinctive paradigms to achieve enhanced squeezing performance for real-world applications. We present the first evidence that quantum dot lasers enable the realization of broadband amplitude-squeezed states at room temperature across a wide frequency range, spanning from 3 GHz to 12 GHz. Our findings are corroborated by a stochastic simulation in agreement with the experimental data. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
The generation of light with amplitude-noise levels below the standard quantum limit (SQL) by constant-current operation of light-emitting and semiconductor laser diodes has been well established.1 Nearly all of this work, however, has been conducted with the light source cooled to cryogenic temperatures. At room temperature, the highest observed squeezing levels were 0.6 dB for light-emitting diodes and 0.2 dB for laser diodes.2 We presently report up to 1.8 dB of squeezing from a commercially available index-guided quantum-well laser (SDL-5410-C) operated at room temperature. Although cross-gain saturation can lead to amplitude squeezing of the total number of photons emitted by a multimode semiconductor laser in the limit of fast intraband scattering and the absence of wavelength-dependent loss,3 we found that it was necessary to suppress the >100 near-threshold longitudinal side modes of the laser to obtain squeezing at room temperature. This was accomplished either by using optical feedback from a grating in an external cavity configuration or by injection-locking the laser to a single-frequency laser. Both of these techniques allow the output wavelength of the laser to be named and thus the squeezing level as a function of wavelength to be studied.
The control of the quantum state of light has recently been studied extensively, aiming at the achievement of ultra-low noise below the shot noise limit. Several experiments showed that amplitude squeezing could be achieved in constant-current-driven semiconductor lasers. However, the generation of amplitude-squeezed light from distributed feedback semiconductor lasers (DFB) has been up to now considerably less successful than that from Fabry-Perot devices. Simulations indicate that DFB structures with high coupling coefficient length product kL are unlikely to be good sources of squeezed light, because of the evanescence of the optical fields along the grating [1]. They also show, that for low kL values the lowest achievable intensity noise depends on the structure of the laser diode and can be higher than expected from the laser quantum efficiency alone.