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Quantum Communication Over Dual-Entanglement Channels Without Dependence on Classical Inter-Party Links

Nipun Agarwal

Published Jul 15, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper introduces a protocol for quantum communication that employs entangled and separable pairs of particles, enabling classical information transmission without the need for classical communication between the parties. In this system, one party, Alice, manipulates the entanglement degree of photon pairs within two distinct channels, |ψ⟩ 1 and |ψ⟩ 2. The other party, Bob, subsequently measures the state of these photons. This study uses the entanglement status of each photon pair to encode classical bits: entangled pairs |00⟩ + |11⟩ represent the bit '1', while separable pairs |00⟩ represent '0'. The proposed protocol incorporates a secondary quantum channel that enhances entanglement determination accuracy through additional measurements and phase shifts. The proposed approach stands apart from conventional quantum teleportation, which requires inter-party classical communication, by only requiring an internal classical link at the receiver's end for entanglement status resolution. The proposed method offers benefits when classical communication implementation is impractical or costly. The research highlights the potential of a fully quantum-based communication system, bridging the gap between quantum entanglement and quantum teleportation in a novel, pragmatic manner. While there is a need for improvements to enhance efficiency, security, and reliability, the proposed protocol offers a promising path for future explorations in quantum channel communication.

DOI
10.36227/techrxiv.172107328.88809321/v1

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This paper introduces a protocol for quantum communication that employs entangled and separable pairs of particles, enabling classical information transmission without the need for classical communication between the parties. In this system, one party, Alice, manipulates the entanglement degree of photon pairs within two distinct channels, |ψ⟩ 1 and |ψ⟩ 2. The other party, Bob, subsequently measures the state of these photons. This study uses the entanglement status of each photon pair to encode classical bits: entangled pairs |00⟩ + |11⟩ represent the bit '1', while separable pairs |00⟩ represent '0'. The proposed protocol incorporates a secondary quantum channel that enhances entanglement determination accuracy through additional measurements and phase shifts. The proposed approach stands apart from conventional quantum teleportation, which requires inter-party classical communication, by only requiring an internal classical link at the receiver's end for entanglement status resolution. The proposed method offers benefits when classical communication implementation is impractical or costly. The research highlights the potential of a fully quantum-based communication system, bridging the gap between quantum entanglement and quantum teleportation in a novel, pragmatic manner. While there is a need for improvements to enhance efficiency, security, and reliability, the proposed protocol offers a promising path for future explorations in quantum channel communication.
We present a scheme for quantum communication, where a set of EPR pairs, initially shared by the sender Alice and the receiver Bob, functions as a quantum channel. After insuring the safety of the quantum channel, Alice applies local measurement on her particles of the EPR pairs and informs Bob the encoding classical information publicly. According to Alice's classical information and his measurement outcomes on the EPR pairs Bob can infer the secret messages directly. In this scheme, to transmit one bit secret message, the sender Alice only needs to send one bit classical information to the receiver Bob. We also show that this scheme is completely secure if perfect quantum channel is used.
Quantum communication is an important branch of quantum technology. It can safely transmit private information between legitimate parties and its unconditional security is guaranteed by quantum physics. So far, deterministic secure quantum communication without entanglement usually transmits single photons in two-way quantum channels. We propose a deterministic secure quantum communication proposal, and it requires a one-way quantum channel and a classical channel. In our protocol, a sender encodes logical bits by using two conjugate bases consisting of the polarization and time-bin degrees of freedom of a photon and transmits it to a receiver over a quantum channel. Upon receiving this photon, the receiver measures it randomly in two bases and can decode the bit deterministically with the help of the sender. Any attack from eavesdroppers will be detected by the legitimate parties. Furthermore, this protocol can be implemented with linear-optic elements and single-photon detectors.
We present a controlled quantum teleportation protocol. In the protocol, quantum information of an unknown state of a 2-level particle is faithfully transmitted from a sender Alice to a remote receiver Bob via an initially shared triplet of entangled particles under the control of the supervisor Charlie. The distributed entangled particles shared by Alice, Bob and Charlie function as a quantum information channel for faithful transmission. We also propose a controlled and secure direct communication scheme by means of this teleportation. After ensuring the security of the quantum channel, Alice encodes the secret message directly on a sequence of particle states and transmits them to Bob supervised by Charlie using this controlled quantum teleportation. Bob can read out the encoded message directly by the measurement on his qubit. In this scheme, the controlled quantum teleportation transmits Alice's message without revealing any information to a potential eavesdropper. Because there is not a transmission of the qubit carrying the secret message between Alice and Bob in the public channel, it is completely secure for controlled and direct secret communication if perfect quantum channel is used. The special feature of this scheme is that the communication between two sides depends on the agreement of a third side to co-operate.
Quantum teleportation allows one to transmit an arbitrary qubit from point A to point B using a pair of (pre-shared) entangled qubits and classical bits of information. The conventional protocol for teleportation uses two bits of classical information and assumes that the sender has access to only one copy of the arbitrary qubit to be sent. Here, we ask whether we can do better than two bits of classical information if the sender has access to multiple copies of the qubit to be teleported. We place no restrictions on the qubit states. Consequently, we propose a modified quantum teleportation protocol that allows Alice to reset the state of the entangled pair to its initial state using only local operations. As a result, the proposed teleportation protocol requires the transmission of only one classical bit with a probability greater than one-half. This has implications for efficient quantum communications and the security of quantum cryptographic protocols based on quantum entanglement.
Introduction.The field of quantum communication represents a fundamental shift in the way information is transmitted and secured.Classical communication systems, relying on classical bits, are vulnerable to eavesdropping due to their deterministic nature.Quantum communication, based on the principles of quantum mechanics, employs qubits and entanglement to provide a novel approach to secure information transfer.This paper explores the foundational concepts, recent developments, and future prospects of quantum communication. Quantum Key Distribution.A pivotal utility within the realm of quantum communication is Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), a concept initially formulated by Bennett and Brassard in 1984 [1].QKD capitalizes on the unique attributes of quantum states to establish a secure key shared between two communicating parties.This cryptographic key serves the dual purpose of encoding and decoding messages, rendering any surreptitious interception unmistakably conspicuous.Entanglement in Quantum Communication.Entanglement, a phenomenon that gained fame through the exposition by Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen in their 1935 publication [2], assumes a pivotal role in the domain of quantum communication.Entangled qubits exhibit an intricate correlation, where any measurement performed on one qubit instantaneously influences its entangled counterpart, irrespective of the spatial separation between them.This distinctive property is skillfully employed to identify any covert surveillance in Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) systems, thus fortifying the security of the communication channel. Recent Advancements, Challenges and Future Directions.In recent times, quantum communication has experienced substantial progress.Remarkable breakthroughs encompass the deployment of satellite-based quantum communication systems to ensure global, secure information exchange [3], alongside the creation of pragmatic Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) devices tailored for real-world use [4].These strides serve to propel quantum communication further toward its practical and extensive realization.While quantum communication has made notable headway, it is not without its lingering hurdles.These encompass the necessity for innovating quantum repeater technologies, which are instrumental in augmenting the reach of quantum communication.Additionally, the mitigation of environmental interference in quantum channels remains a formidable challenge.Moreover, there exists a pressing demand for standardization and the enhancement of interoperability within quantum protocols.Continuous research endeavors persist in tackling these issues and propelling the field forward [5]. Conclusion.Quantum communication represents a paradigm shift in secure information transfer, with quantum entanglement at its core.Recent advancements
Abstract This paper proposes a hybrid bidirectional quantum communication protocol, in which two parties simultaneously transmit two-qubit states: one via quantum teleportation (QT) and the other via remote state preparation (RSP). This approach establishes a more flexible model for bidirectional quantum communication. The protocol utilizes a specially designed maximally entangled quantum channel to enable hybrid bidirectional communication. By performing Bell measurements, joint projective measurements, and corresponding unitary operations, quantum teleportation from Alice to Bob and remote state preparation from Bob to Alice can be accomplished synchronously. Furthermore, the robustness of the proposed protocol is evaluated under three typical noisy environments, namely the amplitude damping (AD) channel, phase damping(PD) channel and the depolarizing (DP) channel. The proposed protocol provides a novel framework for effcient bidirectional quantum communication, with potential advantages in enhancing interactivity and optimizing resource utilization in future quantum networks.