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Quantum Information Processing

Photonic communications with quadrature-amplitude modulated quantum coherent states in alternated and dual polarizations

Arturo Arvizu‐Mondragón, Francisco Javier Mendieta-Jiménez, César A. López-Mercado, Ramón Muraoka-Espíritu

Published Jul 8, 2024• 4 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s11128-024-04479-7

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Quantum communication systems exchange information between a source and a destination by encoding such information into quantum states according to modulation techniques. The design of quantum modulation techniques, including quantum quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), requires choosing and characterizing quantum states. This paper explores the use of non-Gaussian photon-added Gaussian states (PAGSs) for quantum QAM communications. First, we characterize pure PAGSs in the Fock space and derive a closed-form expression for their inner product. Then, we develop a quantum QAM technique employing PAGSs. In particular, we show how to construct quantum QAM constellations of PAGSs. Finally, we evaluate the performance of the developed quantum QAM technique with PAGSs, when a square root measurement (SRM) receiver is employed, and compare such performance with that of existing coherent states. Results show that PAGSs can provide a performance gain with respect to coherent states.
In-service monitoring and adaptive digital compensation of analog imperfections in optical transponders are vital in the next-generation optical coherent transmission systems employing extremely high-order, high-speed modulation formats. A notable example of such analog impairments is the imbalance of amplitude, phase, and/or timing between the in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) tributaries in an optical IQ modulator, namely the IQ imbalance. Recently, an IQ-imbalance estimation technique based on phase retrieval without using a coherent receiver, the so-called single-pixel optical modulation analyzer (SP-OMA), has been proposed as an affordable in-service monitoring solution for the frequency-dependent IQ imbalance in a (single-polarization) IQ modulator. In this work, we extend the concept of the SP-OMA to dual-polarization IQ modulators. A novel phase retrieval algorithm with an alternating minimization procedure is proposed for identifying the frequency-dependent IQ imbalances on both polarization channels simultaneously from a single photodetector output. The validity and feasibility of the proposed SP-OMA for a dual-polarization IQ modulator are demonstrated numerically and experimentally with a 63.25-Gbaud DP-16QAM signal.