This research aims to prove the dualism of the nature of light with the photoelectric effect experiment and the double slit experiment using simple tools. The experimental analysis method was used for this research. The photoelectric effect experiment that has been carried out successfully proves that light behaves as a particle, this is evidenced by f> f0, light emitted as small particles called photons. The double slit experiment conducted with one of the wave properties, namely interference, also proved that light behaves as a wave, resulting in the formation of dark and bright patterns. Both experiments can be conducted using simple tools, despite the limited facilities of the laboratory, so this experiment can still be done by utilizing existing tools and materials as an alternative.
This research aims to prove the dualism of the nature of light with the photoelectric effect experiment and the double slit experiment using simple tools. The experimental analysis method was used for this research. The photoelectric effect experiment that has been carried out successfully proves that light behaves as a particle, this is evidenced by f> f0, light emitted as small particles called photons. The double slit experiment conducted with one of the wave properties, namely interference, also proved that light behaves as a wave, resulting in the formation of dark and bright patterns. Both experiments can be conducted using simple tools, despite the limited facilities of the laboratory, so this experiment can still be done by utilizing existing tools and materials as an alternative.
Feynman (1956) called the double slit experiment "a phenomenon […] has in it the heart of quantum mechanics. In reality, it contains the only mystery. We cannot make the mystery go away by ‘explaining’ how it works". To study the mystery, the double slit experiments were performed one photon at the time. The photons are described by probability wave function. To interpret, the concept of the collapse of the wave function is utilized. However, the collapse of the wave function leads to the inconsistent/incomplete of the quantum mechanics (Penrose, 2022). In this article, we propose Postulate: the diaphragm, e.g., the slide of the double slit, does not change the nature of the light passing through it. Then we perform multi-experiments to test Postulate, and show that, before and after passing the diaphragm of the double slit, the light is photons. It is photons that produce the wave pattern, e.g., the interference pattern. We referred the phenomena as “PhotonWave Phenomena”. Particle phenomena Wave phenomena Light as wave non Light waves produce wave patterns Light as photons Photons produce ejection of electrons: Photoelectric effect Photons produce wave patterns: PhotoWave phenomena A complete interpretation should consistently explain all of the experiments, which challenges the existing wave theories. The experiments show the coexistence of particle nature and wave pattern in the same experiment, which violate Bohr’s complementarity principle and the wave interpretations. The experiments provide the comprehensive phenomena for developing theoretical model to study the nature of the light, the complementarity principle, the wave-particle duality, and wave theories.
Feynman (1956) called the double slit experiment "a phenomenon […] has in it the heart of quantum mechanics. In reality, it contains the only mystery. We cannot make the mystery go away by ‘explaining’ how it works". To study the mystery, the double slit experiments were performed one photon at the time. The photons are described by probability wave function. To interpret, the concept of the collapse of the wave function is utilized. However, the collapse of the wave function leads to the inconsistent/incomplete of the quantum mechanics (Penrose, 2022). In this article, we propose Postulate: the diaphragm, e.g., the slide of the double slit, does not change the nature of the light passing through it. Then we perform multi-experiments to test Postulate, and show that, before and after passing the diaphragm of the double slit, the light is photons. It is photons that produce the wave pattern, e.g., the interference pattern. We referred the phenomena as “PhotonWave Phenomena”. Particle phenomena Wave phenomena Light as wave non Light waves produce wave patterns Light as photons Photons produce ejection of electrons: Photoelectric effect Photons produce wave patterns: PhotoWave phenomena A complete interpretation should consistently explain all of the experiments, which challenges the existing wave theories. The experiments show the coexistence of particle nature and wave pattern in the same experiment, which violate Bohr’s complementarity principle and the wave interpretations. The experiments provide the comprehensive phenomena for developing theoretical model to study the nature of the light, the complementarity principle, the wave-particle duality, and wave theories.
Recently, Nature magazine made a survey about how Physicists think of what quantum mechanics says about reality. The survey shows that 47% of respondents consider the wavefunction in the quantum mechanics representing simply a useful tool, and 36% respondents consider the wavefunction representing something real. In this article we show that the double slit experiments support the opinion of 47% of respondents. It is the standard understanding that the double slit experiment shows that the light is waves, not particles. The photoelectric experiment shows that the light is particles. The two experiments show the conceptually different natures of the light and thus led to the wave-particle duality of the light. To thoroughly study the real nature of the light in the double slit experiments, we utilizing added Photon-chamber, Shield, Blocker, Lenses, and Metal tubes respectively. We observed the following phenomena in the same double slit experiments: (1) the light is photons before and after passing through the double slit, not waves; and (2) it is the photons that produce both the non-interference patterns in Zone-0, Zong-1 and Zone-2, and the interference patterns in Zone-3 (referred to it as “PhotoWave phenomena”). The observed phenomena show that: (1) the wave-particle duality is invalid; (2) the wavefunction is simply a useful mathematical tool to describe the interference-pattern in Zone-3; (3) the wavefunction cannot be utilized to describe the no-wave phenomena in Zone-0, Zong-1, Zone-2, and Zone-3; (4) support the particle reality of quantum mechanics.
The classical interpretation of Young’s double slit experiment is that, before and after passing through the diaphragm of the double slit, the light behaves as waves. In 1905, Einstein interpreted Photoelectric effect by photon theory of light that revived, in some sense, particle theory. Feynman called the double slit experiment “the only mystery [of quantum mechanics]. For studying the mystery, we propose for the first time both the photon chamber and Postulates of convex lens, and utilize both to the classical wave experiments. Experiments show new phenomena in the classical wave experiments: (1) the non-interference patterns near the diaphragm and interference patterns near the screen coexist; (2) the non-interference patterns evolve to the interference patterns; (3) the interference patterns and the non-interference patterns are produced independently and partially; (4) the light is not EM waves; (5) the light is photons not only in Photoelectric effect but also in the classical wave experiments, and the photons distribute as waves near the screen and on the screen, we referred the phenomena as Photowaves Phenomena. The experimental results in this article are consistent. New phenomena require a consistent interpretation. Author believes that students would be interested in those DIY experiments. Students, while learning/performing, would propose their owe interpretations.
Recently, Nature magazine made a survey about how Physicists think of what quantum mechanics says about reality. The survey shows that 47% of respondents consider the wavefunction in the quantum mechanics representing simply a useful tool, and 36% respondents consider the wavefunction representing something real. In this article we show that the double slit experiments support the opinion of 47% of respondents. It is the standard understanding that the double slit experiment shows that the light is waves, not particles. The photoelectric experiment shows that the light is particles. The two experiments show the conceptually different natures of the light and thus led to the wave-particle duality of the light. To thoroughly study the real nature of the light in the double slit experiments, we utilizing the Photon-chamber, Shield, Blocker, Lenses and Metal tubes respectively. We observed the following phenomena in the same double slit experiments: the light is photons, not waves; and it is the photons that produce both the non-interference patterns in Zone-0, Zong-1 and Zone-2, and the interference patterns in Zone-3. We suggest that the observed phenomena: (1) invalidate the wave-particle duality; (2) show that the wavefunction is simply a useful mathematical tool to describe the wave phenomena in Zone-3; (3) show that the wavefunction cannot be utilized to describe the no-wave phenomena in Zone-0, Zong-1 and Zone-2; (4) support the particle reality of quantum mechanics.
Recently, Nature magazine made a survey about how Physicists think of what quantum mechanics says about reality. The survey shows that 47% of respondents consider the wavefunction in the quantum mechanics representing simply a useful tool, and 36% respondents consider the wavefunction representing something real. In this article we show that the double slit experiments support the opinion of 47% of respondents. It is the standard understanding that the double slit experiment shows that the light is waves, not particles. The photoelectric experiment shows that the light is particles. The two experiments show the conceptually different natures of the light and thus led to the wave-particle duality of the light. To thoroughly study the real nature of the light in the double slit experiments, we utilizing the Photon-chamber, Shield, Blocker, Lenses and Metal tubes respectively. We observed the following phenomena in the same double slit experiments: the light is photons, not waves; and it is the photons that produce both the non-interference patterns in Zone-0, Zong-1 and Zone-2, and the interference patterns in Zone-3. We suggest that the observed phenomena: (1) invalidate the wave-particle duality; (2) show that the wavefunction is simply a useful mathematical tool to describe the wave phenomena in Zone-3; (3) show that the wavefunction cannot be utilized to describe the no-wave phenomena in Zone-0, Zong-1 and Zone-2; (4) support the particle reality of quantum mechanics.