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Light Wave to PhotoWave vs Photoelectric Effect to PhotoWave Effect

Hui Peng

Published Jun 3, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Feynman (1956) called the double slit experiment "a phenomenon […] has in it the heart of quantum mechanics. In reality, it contains the only mystery. We cannot make the mystery go away by ‘explaining’ how it works". To study the mystery, the double slit experiments were performed one photon at the time. The photons are described by probability wave function. To interpret, the concept of the collapse of the wave function is utilized. However, the collapse of the wave function leads to the inconsistent/incomplete of the quantum mechanics (Penrose, 2022). In this article, we propose Postulate: the diaphragm, e.g., the slide of the double slit, does not change the nature of the light passing through it. Then we perform multi-experiments to test Postulate, and show that, before and after passing the diaphragm of the double slit, the light is photons. It is photons that produce the wave pattern, e.g., the interference pattern. We referred the phenomena as “PhotonWave Phenomena”. Particle phenomena Wave phenomena Light as wave non Light waves produce wave patterns Light as photons Photons produce ejection of electrons: Photoelectric effect Photons produce wave patterns: PhotoWave phenomena A complete interpretation should consistently explain all of the experiments, which challenges the existing wave theories. The experiments show the coexistence of particle nature and wave pattern in the same experiment, which violate Bohr’s complementarity principle and the wave interpretations. The experiments provide the comprehensive phenomena for developing theoretical model to study the nature of the light, the complementarity principle, the wave-particle duality, and wave theories.

DOI
10.1364/opticaopen.25944433

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Feynman (1956) called the double slit experiment "a phenomenon […] has in it the heart of quantum mechanics. In reality, it contains the only mystery. We cannot make the mystery go away by ‘explaining’ how it works". To study the mystery, the double slit experiments were performed one photon at the time. The photons are described by probability wave function. To interpret, the concept of the collapse of the wave function is utilized. However, the collapse of the wave function leads to the inconsistent/incomplete of the quantum mechanics (Penrose, 2022). In this article, we propose Postulate: the diaphragm, e.g., the slide of the double slit, does not change the nature of the light passing through it. Then we perform multi-experiments to test Postulate, and show that, before and after passing the diaphragm of the double slit, the light is photons. It is photons that produce the wave pattern, e.g., the interference pattern. We referred the phenomena as “PhotonWave Phenomena”. Particle phenomena Wave phenomena Light as wave non Light waves produce wave patterns Light as photons Photons produce ejection of electrons: Photoelectric effect Photons produce wave patterns: PhotoWave phenomena A complete interpretation should consistently explain all of the experiments, which challenges the existing wave theories. The experiments show the coexistence of particle nature and wave pattern in the same experiment, which violate Bohr’s complementarity principle and the wave interpretations. The experiments provide the comprehensive phenomena for developing theoretical model to study the nature of the light, the complementarity principle, the wave-particle duality, and wave theories.
Feynman (1956) called the double slit experiment "a phenomenon […] has in it the heart of quantum mechanics. In reality, it contains the only mystery. We cannot make the mystery go away by ‘explaining’ how it works". To study the mystery, the double slit experiments were performed one photon at the time. The photons are described by probability wave function. To interpret, the concept of the collapse of the wave function is utilized. However, the collapse of the wave function leads to the inconsistent/incomplete of the quantum mechanics (Penrose, 2022). In this article, we propose Postulate: the diaphragm, e.g., the slide of the double slit, does not change the nature of the light passing through it. Then we perform multi-experiments to test Postulate, and show that, before and after passing the diaphragm of the double slit, the light is photons. It is photons that produce the wave pattern, e.g., the interference pattern. We referred the phenomena as “PhotonWave Phenomena”. Particle phenomena Wave phenomena Light as wave non Light waves produce wave patterns Light as photons Photons produce ejection of electrons: Photoelectric effect Photons produce wave patterns: PhotoWave phenomena A complete interpretation should consistently explain all of the experiments, which challenges the existing wave theories. The experiments show the coexistence of particle nature and wave pattern in the same experiment, which violate Bohr’s complementarity principle and the wave interpretations. The experiments provide the comprehensive phenomena for developing theoretical model to study the nature of the light, the complementarity principle, the wave-particle duality, and wave theories.
Feynman (1956) called the double slit experiment “… contains the only mystery. We cannot make the mystery go away by ‘explaining’ how it works”. The photons are described by probability wave functions. The wave functions collapse to photons when landed on detector. However, the collapse of the wave function leads to the inconsistent/incomplete of the quantum mechanics (Penrose, 2022). In this article, we confirm that the diaphragm does not change the nature of the light passing through it. Then we perform multi experiments to show that, before and after passing through the diaphragm, the light is photons, not waves. It is photons that produce the interference pattern, we refer to it as “PhotoWave Phenomena”. We show for the first time the novel phenomena, new mysteries: (1) a same single produces the non-diffraction pattern near the diaphragm, which gradually evolves to the orthogonal diffraction patterns; (2) a curve-single slit produces the non-diffraction pattern near the diaphragm, which gradually evolves to Hourglass-shape patterns; (3) a double slit produces the non-interference patterns near the diaphragm, which gradually evolves to the orthogonal interference patterns; (4) a non-parallel-double-slits produces the non-wave patterns near the diaphragm, which gradually evolves to the hybrid patterns; (5) a curved-double slit produces Arc-interference pattern near the diaphragm and Point-symmetry interference patterns near/on the detector; (6) Non-parallel-curve-double slit produces Butterfly-shape interference patterns; (7) simple differences in the shapes of slits lead to the profound differences in the pattern evolutions and in the final patterns, we referred to which as “Optical-Butterfly phenomena”. We referred to above novel phenomena as PhotoWave phenomena. The PhotoWave phenomena support Penrose’s statement. To explain completely/consistently PhotoWave phenomena is a challenge. PhotoWave experiments provide the comprehensive phenomena for further developing theoretical model to study the nature of the light, the complementarity principle, and the light wave theories.
The classical interpretation of Young’s double slit experiment is that, before and after passing through the diaphragm of the double slit, the light behaves as waves. In 1905, Einstein interpreted Photoelectric effect by photon theory of light that revived, in some sense, particle theory. Feynman called the double slit experiment “the only mystery [of quantum mechanics]. For studying the mystery, we propose for the first time both the photon chamber and Postulates of convex lens, and utilize both to the classical wave experiments. Experiments show new phenomena in the classical wave experiments: (1) the non-interference patterns near the diaphragm and interference patterns near the screen coexist; (2) the non-interference patterns evolve to the interference patterns; (3) the interference patterns and the non-interference patterns are produced independently and partially; (4) the light is not EM waves; (5) the light is photons not only in Photoelectric effect but also in the classical wave experiments, and the photons distribute as waves near the screen and on the screen, we referred the phenomena as Photowaves Phenomena. The experimental results in this article are consistent. New phenomena require a consistent interpretation. Author believes that students would be interested in those DIY experiments. Students, while learning/performing, would propose their owe interpretations.
The classical interpretation of Young’s double slit experiment is that, before and after passing through the diaphragm of the double slit, the light behaves as waves. Feynman called the double slit experiment “the only mystery [of quantum mechanics]. We propose for the first time both the photon chamber and Postulates of convex lens, and utilize both to the classical wave experiments. Experiments show new phenomena that, in the same experiments: (1) the non-interference patterns near the diaphragm and interference patterns near the screen coexist; (2) the non-interference patterns evolve to the interference patterns; (3) the interference patterns and the non-interference patterns are produced independently and partially; (4) the light is not EM waves. The light is photons not only in Photoelectric effect but also in the classical wave experiments, and the photons distribute as waves near and on the screen, we referred the phenomena as Photowaves. The experimental results in this article are consistent. New phenomena require an interpretation.
Feynman (1956) called the double slit experiment "[…] it contains the only mystery. We cannot make the mystery go away by ‘explaining’ how it works". The photons are described by probability wave functions. The wave functions collapse to photons when measuring. However, the collapse of the wave function leads to the inconsistent/incomplete of the quantum mechanics (Penrose, 2022). In this article, we show that, the light is photons, not waves. And it is photons that produce the non-wave pattern and wave patterns in the same experiment. We refer to the phenomenon as “PhotoWave Phenomenon”. We experimentally show for the first-time the novel phenomenon that is new mystery, non-parallel-curve-double slit produces Butterfly-shape interference patterns. We show the sensitive dependence of patterns on the structures of apparatus of slits: changes in the structure of the slits result in profound differences in pattern. We refer to it as “Optical-Butterfly-effect”. The PhotoWave phenomena support Penrose’s statement. Advances in optical experiments, i.e., PhotoWave phenomena, demand a complete theory. The experiments provide the comprehensive phenomena for further developing theoretical model to study the nature of the light and the light wave theories.
The classical interpretation of Young’s double slit experiment is that, before and after passing through the diaphragm of the double slit, the light behaves as waves. Feynman called the double slit experiment “the only mystery [of quantum mechanics]. We propose for the first time both the photon chamber and Postulates of convex lens, and utilize both to the classical wave experiments. Experiments show new phenomena that, in the same experiments: (1) the non-interference patterns near the diaphragm and interference patterns near the screen coexist; (2) the non-interference patterns evolve to the interference patterns; (3) the interference patterns and the non-interference patterns are produced independently and partially; (4) the light is not EM waves. The light is photons not only in Photoelectric effect but also in the classical wave experiments, and the photons distribute as waves near and on the screen, we referred the phenomena as Photowaves. The experimental results in this article are consistent. New phenomena require an interpretation.