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Optics Express

Inducing tunable conventional photon blockade and two-photon blockade in a second-order nonlinear system with two-level atoms

Hongyu Lin, Xiangyi Luo, Xiaoqian Wang, Feng Gao, Y. H. Zhou, Zhihai Yao

Published May 21, 2024• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have achieved a conventional photon blockade and two-photon blockade in a second-order nonlinear system with a two-level atom embedded in a high-frequency cavity. The physical mechanisms behind the implementation of both types of photon blockade are explained, and analytical conditions for achieving a conventional photon blockade are derived, which are consistent with the numerical solutions of the master equation in the steady-state limit. By appropriately setting the system parameters, we can achieve simultaneous conventional photon blockade in the high-frequency cavity and two-photon blockade in the low-frequency cavity. The effects of driving factors and environmental temperature on photon blockade are analyzed. The adjustability of the coupling coefficient between the high-frequency cavity and the atom, as well as the nonlinear coupling coefficient between different nanocavities, is discussed in the context of implementing conventional photon blockades. The tunability of these coupling coefficients may significantly reduce the experimental complexity of implementing the system.

DOI
10.1364/oe.528090

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•Mar 18, 2018•1 citation
We have achieved a conventional photon blockade and two-photon blockade in a second-order nonlinear system with a two-level atom embedded in a high-frequency cavity. The physical mechanisms behind the implementation of both types of photon blockade are explained, and analytical conditions for achieving a conventional photon blockade are derived, which are consistent with the numerical solutions of the master equation in the steady-state limit. By appropriately setting the system parameters, we can achieve simultaneous conventional photon blockade in the high-frequency cavity and two-photon blockade in the low-frequency cavity. The effects of driving factors and environmental temperature on photon blockade are analyzed. The adjustability of the coupling coefficient between the high-frequency cavity and the atom, as well as the nonlinear coupling coefficient between different nanocavities, is discussed in the context of implementing conventional photon blockades. The tunability of these coupling coefficients may significantly reduce the experimental complexity of implementing the system.
The conventional photon blockade for high-frequency mode is investigated in a two-mode second-order nonlinear system embedded with a two-level atom. By solving the master equation and calculating the zero-delay-time second-order correlation function g(2)(0)g^{(2)}(0)g(2)(0), we obtain that strong photon antibunching can be achieved in this scheme. In particular, we find that by increasing the linear coupling coefficient of the system, a perfect blockade region will be formed near the zero second-order nonlinear coupling coefficient. Similarly, by increasing the nonlinear coupling coefficient of the system, the perfect blockade zone will appear. And this scheme is not sensitive to the reservoir temperature, both of which make the current system easier to implement experimentally.
This paper discusses conventional photon blockade (CPB) and two-photon blockade (2PB) in a three-wave mixing system embedded with a two-level atom in the high-frequency cavity. Analytical conditions for achieving CPB and 2PB are obtained by analyzing the eigenvalues of the system Hamiltonian. Numerical solutions, derived by solving the master equation in a truncated Fock space, are consistent with the analytical conditions. Detailed analysis of system parameters reveals the influence of the embedded atom on achieving different types of photon blockade. Unlike previous schemes, this system can achieve single-photon blockade simultaneously in three photon modes. Additionally, by adjusting the coupling coefficient between the atom and high-frequency mode photons, the system can switch between single-photon blockade and two-photon blockade in the high-frequency mode.
In the recent publications [Phys. Rev. A 92,023838 (2015)], the unconventional photon blockade are studied in a two-mode-second-order-nonlinear system with nonlinear coupling between the low frequency and high frequency modes. In this paper, we study the unconventional photon blockade in a three-mode system with weakly coupled nonlinear cavities via χ(2)χ^{(2)}χ(2) nonlinearity. By solving the master equation in the steady-state limit and calculating the zero-delay time second-order correlation function, we obtain the conditions of strong photon antibunching in the low frequency mode. The numerical result are compared with the analytical results, the results show that they are in complete agreement. By the analysis of numerical solutions, we find that this scheme is not sensitive to the change of decay rates and the reservoir temperature, and the three-mode drives make the system have more adjustable parameters, both of which increases the possibility of experimental implementation.
Photon blockade (PB) is generally classified into conventional and unconventional types based on their distinct physical mechanisms. Recent studies have aimed to bridge the two regimes to realize a universal photon blockade (universal PB) that combines their respective advantages. Here, we propose a scheme for achieving universal PB based on second-order nonlinearity. The second-order nonlinear coupling between two cavity modes mediates the fundamental interaction, while an optical parametric amplifier embedded in one cavity introduces additional quantum interference pathways. We analytically derive the optimal conditions for universal PB, and the analytical results show excellent agreement with numerical simulations. By comparing universal PB with conventional PB, we highlight its unique performance advantages: the scheme operates effectively in both strong and weak coupling regimes, relaxes experimental constraints, and achieves an ultra-low equal-time second-order correlation function g (2) (0) down to 10 −7 , while maintaining a moderate mean photon number N a ∼ 10 −2 . This work provides a feasible and tunable platform for realizing high-purity single-photon sources and exploring quantum statistical properties in nonlinear cavity systems.
We explore a method for achieving photon blockade (PB) through a two-photon Jaynes-Cummings (JC) model that includes both cavity and atom drivings. Analytical expressions for the steady state are derived to calculate photon-number distribution and correlation functions. Based on this analysis, we establish the theoretical conditions required for generating PB by controlling both drivings and propose a scheme to identify conventional photon blockade (CPB) and unconventional photon blockade (UPB) by analyzing the second- and third-order correlation functions. We validate our findings through numerical simulations conducted in an artificial atom system. We discuss two cases, one in which the transition frequency of the two-level atom is in two-photon resonance with the cavity frequency and the other in which it is off-resonance. We observe a significant interplay between CPB and UPB effects in the resonant case. In the off-resonance case, we demonstrate that UPB can be achieved by manipulating the strengths of atom driving and cavity driving to satisfy a specific relationship while meeting the requirements for optimal detuning relations. This work provides essential insights into controlling the PB effect using the two-photon JC model with both the atom and cavity drivings.
We study the photon blockade effect in a coupled cavity system, which is formed by a linear cavity coupled to a Kerr-type nonlinear cavity via a photon-hopping interaction. We explain the physical phenomenon from the viewpoint of the conventional and unconventional photon blockade effects. The corresponding physical mechanisms of these two photon blockade effects are based on the anharmonicity in eigenenergy spectrum and the destructive quantum interference between two different transition paths, respectively. We find that the quantum interference effect also exists in the conventional photon blockade regime. Our results are confirmed by analytically and numerically solving the quantum master equation and calculating the second-order correlation function of the cavity fields. This model is general and hence it can be implemented in various experimental setups such as coupled optical cavities, coupled photon-magnon systems, and coupled superconducting resonators. We present some discussions on the experimental implementation.