Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

International Journal of Theoretical Physics

A Secure Quantum Private Set Computation Protocol with Identity Authentication Utilizing GHZ States

Songyang Wu, Wenqi Sun, Yingying Wang, Jiawei Liu, Qingle Wang

Published May 21, 2024• 3 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s10773-024-05672-1

Related papers

A secure (p, q)-threshold quantum secret sharing protocol using GHZ states and sequential identity authentication

Darshana Yadav

International Journal of Information Technology•Oct 25, 2025•4 citations

Authenticated Multi-Party Quantum Private Set Intersection with Single Particles

Gongde Guo, Li Zheng, Kai Yu +1 more

As an important branch of secure multi-party computation, privacy set intersection enables multiple parties to input their private sets and jointly compute the intersection of these sets without revealing any information other than the intersection itself. With the increasing demand for privacy protection of user data, privacy set intersection has been widely used in privacy computing and other fields. In this paper, we utilize the properties of mutually unbiased bases to propose a multi-party quantum private set intersection protocol that incorporates identity authentication mechanisms. A semi-honest third party (TP) is introduced to facilitate the secure execution of this task among the multiple participating parties. The TP establishes a shared master key with each party, which serves as the basis for authenticating the identity of each participant throughout the protocol. Single-particle quantum states, prepared by the TP, act as the information carriers and are sequentially transmitted among the participating parties. Each party performs a local unitary operation on the circulating particle, thereby encoding their private data within the quantum state. At the end of the protocol, the TP announces his measurement result, by which all participants can concurrently ascertain the intersection of their private data sets. Notably, the proposed protocol eliminates the need for long-term storage of single-particle quantum states, thereby rendering it feasible with existing quantum technological capabilities. Furthermore, a comprehensive security analysis demonstrates that the protocol effectively resists some common external and internal attacks, thereby ensuring its theoretical security.

Mathematics•Jun 18, 2025•4 citations

A Quantum Single Sign-On Protocol Based on GHZ States

Xingtian Ren, Yong Wang, Guiping Dai

International Journal of Theoretical Physics•Mar 20, 2015•0 citations

Authenticated multi-user quantum private query using GHZ states

Ying Zhang, Chen‐Ming Bai, Sujuan Zhang

Abstract Quantum private query (QPQ) enables users to extract desired entries from a database without decrypting its content, while simultaneously safeguarding both user query privacy and database security. In this paper, we propose a multi-user QPQ protocol based on Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states, which allows two distant users, Alice 1 and Alice 2 , to jointly query the same database entry. The protocol introduces a semi-trusted third party to prepare and distribute the GHZ states, and employs a bidirectional authentication mechanism to ensure the authenticity of the communicating entities. Security analysis demonstrates that the proposed protocol effectively resists both internal and external attacks and exhibits resilience against quantum computing attacks. Compared with existing QPQ schemes, the protocol significantly improves user privacy and database security while supporting multi-user collaborative queries.

Physica Scripta•Jul 3, 2026•1 citation

Quantum Secret Sharing with Identity Authentication Based on GHZ States Entanglement Swapping

Jifeng Zhong, Banyao Ruan, Zhihao Liu

International Journal of Theoretical Physics•Dec 15, 2023•0 citations

A secure multi-quantum voting protocol based on GHZ state

Y. H. Zheng, Bai Liu

Private Set Intersection Cardinality (PSI - CA) is a cryptographic primitive through which two or more participants can obtain the intersection cardinality of their private sets and the privacy of the sets is protected. In this paper, we propose a tripartite protocol that utilizes quantum resources to accomplish these tasks, in which each two or more parties can obtain the intersection cardinality of their private sets with the help of semi-honest third parties (TP). Using this property, a voting protocol is designed. In our protocol, the GHZ state is used to encode private information that TP will use to compute the cardinality. We prove that the proposed protocol is secure against well-known quantum attacks. Furthermore, compared with existing quantum voting schemes, the protocol achieves higher efficiency.

International Conference on Generative Artificial Intelligence and Information Security (GAIIS)•May 10, 2024•0 citations
As an important branch of secure multi-party computation, privacy set intersection enables multiple parties to input their private sets and jointly compute the intersection of these sets without revealing any information other than the intersection itself. With the increasing demand for privacy protection of user data, privacy set intersection has been widely used in privacy computing and other fields. In this paper, we utilize the properties of mutually unbiased bases to propose a multi-party quantum private set intersection protocol that incorporates identity authentication mechanisms. A semi-honest third party (TP) is introduced to facilitate the secure execution of this task among the multiple participating parties. The TP establishes a shared master key with each party, which serves as the basis for authenticating the identity of each participant throughout the protocol. Single-particle quantum states, prepared by the TP, act as the information carriers and are sequentially transmitted among the participating parties. Each party performs a local unitary operation on the circulating particle, thereby encoding their private data within the quantum state. At the end of the protocol, the TP announces his measurement result, by which all participants can concurrently ascertain the intersection of their private data sets. Notably, the proposed protocol eliminates the need for long-term storage of single-particle quantum states, thereby rendering it feasible with existing quantum technological capabilities. Furthermore, a comprehensive security analysis demonstrates that the protocol effectively resists some common external and internal attacks, thereby ensuring its theoretical security.
Abstract Quantum private query (QPQ) enables users to extract desired entries from a database without decrypting its content, while simultaneously safeguarding both user query privacy and database security. In this paper, we propose a multi-user QPQ protocol based on Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states, which allows two distant users, Alice 1 and Alice 2 , to jointly query the same database entry. The protocol introduces a semi-trusted third party to prepare and distribute the GHZ states, and employs a bidirectional authentication mechanism to ensure the authenticity of the communicating entities. Security analysis demonstrates that the proposed protocol effectively resists both internal and external attacks and exhibits resilience against quantum computing attacks. Compared with existing QPQ schemes, the protocol significantly improves user privacy and database security while supporting multi-user collaborative queries.
Private Set Intersection Cardinality (PSI - CA) is a cryptographic primitive through which two or more participants can obtain the intersection cardinality of their private sets and the privacy of the sets is protected. In this paper, we propose a tripartite protocol that utilizes quantum resources to accomplish these tasks, in which each two or more parties can obtain the intersection cardinality of their private sets with the help of semi-honest third parties (TP). Using this property, a voting protocol is designed. In our protocol, the GHZ state is used to encode private information that TP will use to compute the cardinality. We prove that the proposed protocol is secure against well-known quantum attacks. Furthermore, compared with existing quantum voting schemes, the protocol achieves higher efficiency.