Private Set Intersection Cardinality (PSI - CA) is a cryptographic primitive through which two or more participants can obtain the intersection cardinality of their private sets and the privacy of the sets is protected. In this paper, we propose a tripartite protocol that utilizes quantum resources to accomplish these tasks, in which each two or more parties can obtain the intersection cardinality of their private sets with the help of semi-honest third parties (TP). Using this property, a voting protocol is designed. In our protocol, the GHZ state is used to encode private information that TP will use to compute the cardinality. We prove that the proposed protocol is secure against well-known quantum attacks. Furthermore, compared with existing quantum voting schemes, the protocol achieves higher efficiency.
Private Set Intersection Cardinality (PSI - CA) is a cryptographic primitive through which two or more participants can obtain the intersection cardinality of their private sets and the privacy of the sets is protected. In this paper, we propose a tripartite protocol that utilizes quantum resources to accomplish these tasks, in which each two or more parties can obtain the intersection cardinality of their private sets with the help of semi-honest third parties (TP). Using this property, a voting protocol is designed. In our protocol, the GHZ state is used to encode private information that TP will use to compute the cardinality. We prove that the proposed protocol is secure against well-known quantum attacks. Furthermore, compared with existing quantum voting schemes, the protocol achieves higher efficiency.
Private Set Intersection Cardinality (PSI-CA) and Private Set Union Cardinality (PSU-CA) are two cryptographic primitives whereby two or more parties are able to obtain the cardinalities of the intersection and the union of their respective private sets, and the privacy of their sets is preserved. In this paper, we propose a three-party protocol to finish these tasks by using quantum resources, where every two, as well as three, parties can obtain the cardinalities of the intersection and the union of their private sets with the help of a semi-honest third party (TP). In our protocol, GHZ states play a role in encoding private information that will be used by TP to compute the cardinalities. We show that the presented protocol is secure against well-known quantum attacks. In addition, we analyze the influence of six typical kinds of Markovian noise on our protocol.
As an important branch of secure multi-party computation, privacy set intersection enables multiple parties to input their private sets and jointly compute the intersection of these sets without revealing any information other than the intersection itself. With the increasing demand for privacy protection of user data, privacy set intersection has been widely used in privacy computing and other fields. In this paper, we utilize the properties of mutually unbiased bases to propose a multi-party quantum private set intersection protocol that incorporates identity authentication mechanisms. A semi-honest third party (TP) is introduced to facilitate the secure execution of this task among the multiple participating parties. The TP establishes a shared master key with each party, which serves as the basis for authenticating the identity of each participant throughout the protocol. Single-particle quantum states, prepared by the TP, act as the information carriers and are sequentially transmitted among the participating parties. Each party performs a local unitary operation on the circulating particle, thereby encoding their private data within the quantum state. At the end of the protocol, the TP announces his measurement result, by which all participants can concurrently ascertain the intersection of their private data sets. Notably, the proposed protocol eliminates the need for long-term storage of single-particle quantum states, thereby rendering it feasible with existing quantum technological capabilities. Furthermore, a comprehensive security analysis demonstrates that the protocol effectively resists some common external and internal attacks, thereby ensuring its theoretical security.
Abstract Private Set Intersection (PSI) is a crucial Secure Multi-Party Computation (SMPC) primitive which enables participants to securely obtain the intersection of their private sets without revealing their individual set information. The advent of quantum computing threatens classical PSI protocols, driving the development of Quantum PSI (QPSI) alternatives. We propose a two-party QPSI protocol based on a semi-honest third party. This protocol achieves set intersection using only single-qubit unitary operations and single-qubit states. Security analysis shows that our protocol can resist common attacks. Validation experiments conducted on the IBM Qiskit simulator confirm the protocol's correctness and feasibility. Furthermore, we compare the proposed protocol with existing QPSI protocols in terms of quantum states, unitary operations, measurements, and fairness, demonstrating gains in quantum resource efficiency, fairness, and practical feasibility.
Abstract The cardinality of the private set allows multiple parties to jointly compute the cardinality of the intersection and union without revealing their respective private sets. It plays an important role in data mining and data analysis to protect privacy. However, existing studies only focus on computing the cardinality of the intersection or union of private sets. To extend its application in various scenes, a private‐set intersection and union mixed cardinality protocol are proposed for any tripartite based on Bell states for the first time. During the protocol, participants are supposed to be semi‐quantum to reduce the consumption of quantum resources and improve the realizability of the protocol. Furthermore, correctness and security analysis show that the protocol can withstand internal and external attacks. Additionally, the IBM Quantum Simulator (IBMQS) is also applied to illustrate the fundamentals of the protocol and verify the availability of the protocol. The results are expected have positive effects on the further development of secure multiparty computation.
Private Set Intersection Cardinality (PSI-CA) is to compute privately the cardinality of the intersection of two sets, and there are many practical applications of PSI-CA, e.g., data mining and data analysis with the privacy protection. The current classical protocols for PSI-CA could not resist the attacks of quantum computers. In this paper, we present a novel quantum protocol for PSI-CA based on the basic laws of quantum mechanics, which can resist well-known quantum attacks. This protocol utilizes single photons as quantum resources and only needs to apply simple single-photon operators and measurements. Therefore, it is more feasible to implement this protocol, compared with the related quantum protocols, which require entangled states and other complicated operators.
Abstract As we know that data sharing, a critical element in social networks, has the benefits of exploring important information, while also has the disadvantage of information leakage. Therefore, without the reliable third party arbitration agency, it is impossible to share information privately by distrustful multi-party. In this paper, we proposed a protocol called Quantum Secure Multi-party Private Set Intersection Cardinality (QSMS-IC), which has the capability of resisting quantum attacks. QSMS-IC, the extension of two-parity private set intersection cardinality which was proposed in Information Sciences(2016,147-158), utilizes quantum transformation, quantum measurements and quantum parallelism to solve multi-party private set intersection cardinality problems. Compared with two-party PSI-CA protocols, our proposed protocol can solve the data sharing among multi-party without the reliable third party arbitration agency. It also can be used in numerous applications and more suitable to the actual cases. For instance, large-scale social networks and privacy-preserving data ming.